Download Lesson 2 The United States

NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______
The United States
Lesson 2: History of the United States
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Why is history important?
Terms to Know
indigenous living or occurring naturally in a particular place
nomadic describes a way of life in which a person or group lives by moving from place to place
pueblo a town built by the Pueblo people in the American Southwest
colonist a person sent to live in a new place and claim land for his or her home country
data information
Manifest Destiny the idea that it was the right of the United States to expand westward to the
Pacific Ocean
annex to take control of
secede to withdraw from a group or a country
agriculture growing crops and raising livestock to sell
reservation an area of land that has been set aside for Native Americans
industry manufacturing; making products to sell
civil rights the basic rights that belong to all citizens
terrorism the use of violence against civilians, by individuals or groups, to reach political goals
When did it happen?
1565 Spain settles
St. Augustine
1700
1776 Colonies declare
independence
1620 Pilgrims
land at Plymouth
1789 Constitution
is written
1803 Louisiana
Purchase is made
1800
1900
1845 U.S.
annexes Texas
2000
1941 U.S.
enters World
War II
1861 Civil War
begins
1964 Civil Rights Act
becomes law
2001 Terrorists
attack U.S.
50
Reading Essentials and Study Guide
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
1600
NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______
The United States
Lesson 2: History of the United States, continued
Early America
Guiding Question How did life in the United States change for
Native Americans?
Native Americans are indigenous to North America. Indigenous
describes the first people to live in an area. Native Americans
belonged to dozens of different groups and had different ways of
life using local resources.
Listing
1. List three ways Native
Americans obtained
their food.
Ways of Life of Native Americans
East
Great Plains
Southwest
Northwest
hunted; farmed; lived in settlements
some hunted; farmed; lived in settlements;
some were nomadic, always on the move
lived in pueblos (villages); irrigated to farm
fished; built wooden homes in forests
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Europeans wanted to claim land in North America to use its
valuable resources and increase trade. In the 1500s, the Spanish
built outposts in the Americas. They founded St. Augustine,
Florida. By the end of the 1700s, they had also settled parts of New
Mexico, California, and Texas.
In the 1600s, the French claimed a vast stretch of land from
eastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Early on, they traded with
Native Americans for furs. Later, the French built settlements,
including New Orleans.
Also in the 1600s, the English began to send colonists to the
Americas to live in this new place and claim land for their home
country. The colonists first settled Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607
and Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620. Other settlements
followed. Thirteen colonies formed.
Great Britain and France fought each other in the French and
Indian War from 1754 to 1763. Each side had Native American
allies. In the end, Great Britain won France’s colonies.
Soon after, Britain’s colonists began to resent the taxes
and trade policies forced upon them by the British government.
These American colonists declared their independence in
1776. The Revolutionary War followed. In 1783, Great Britain
recognized American independence. The thirteen colonies
became an independent nation called the United States
of America.
Marking the
Text
2. Read the text to the
left. Highlight the three
European peoples who
claimed parts of North
America and built
settlements.
Identifying
Cause and Effect
3. Why did the thirteen
colonies become the
United States of
America?
Reading
Progress Check
4. Why did European
nations want to control
land in North America?
Reading Essentials and Study Guide 51
NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______
The United States
Lesson 2: History of the United States, continued
Identifying
5. What is the idea that
government receives
its power from the
people called?
Marking the
Text
6. Read the text on the
right. Underline the
addition to the
Constitution in 1789.
A Free Republic
Guiding Question How did the new nation grow and expand?
At first, the United States was set up under a plan called the
Articles of Confederation. But the national government was too
weak. In 1787, delegates met and wrote a new plan for a national
government called the Constitution.
Government Set Up by the Constitution
• federal system—powers divided between national
government and states
• three branches of government—executive, legislative,
judicial
• checks and balances—each branch of government limits
the power of the others
• popular sovereignty—the idea that government receives
its power from the people
Drawing
Conclusions
• limited government—the idea that a government may use
only powers given to it by the people
7. Why do you think the
expedition by Lewis and
Clark was important?
• constitutional republic—government in which people rule
through representatives they elect
Identifying
Cause and Effect
During the 1800s, the United States expanded west. In 1803, it
doubled in size when President Thomas Jefferson purchased the
vast Louisiana Territory from France.
8. How did Manifest
Destiny affect the size of
the United States? Why?
Soon after, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led a group to
explore the Louisiana Territory and western lands all the way to
the Pacific. The Lewis and Clark expedition lasted more than two
years. They mapped the land and rivers, and they recorded data
about the plants and animals. They also made peaceful contact
with Native Americans.
The United States also gained Florida from Spain and part of the
Oregon Territory from Britain. Many Americans came to believe in
Manifest Destiny. This was the idea that the United States should
stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
52
Reading Essentials and Study Guide
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
George Washington was elected the first president in 1789. Also in
that year, a Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution. The Bill of
Rights listed rights that the government could not take away. Other
amendments, or changes, to the Constitution followed. However, the
Constitution still exists in its basic form after more than 200 years.
NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______
The United States
Lesson 2: History of the United States, continued
Meanwhile, some Americans settlers had moved to Texas, which
belonged to Mexico. In 1836, they declared independence and set
up a constitutional republic. In 1845, the United States annexed,
or took control of, Texas. This angered Mexico. A border dispute
followed, and the two countries went to war in 1846. The United
States defeated Mexico. In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
gave the United States the area that today includes California and
other western states. This added a large Spanish-speaking
population to the country.
N
BRITISH
TERRITORY
Seattle
on
ail
Tr
LOUISIANA PURCHASE, 1803
Mor m o n T
ra i l
Salt Lake City
MEXICAN
CESSION,
1848
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Los Angeles
4 0 °N
Denver
Sa n
ta F
ra i
eT
10. Put the following
events in order: Bill of
Rights, Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo,
Louisiana Purchase,
George Washington
elected president,
Lewis and Clark
expedition.
l
Phoenix
TEXAS
ANNEXATION, 1845
30°N
GADSDEN
PURCHASE,
1853
120°W
PACI FI C
O CE AN
0
S
O re g
OREGON
COUNTRY,
1846
9. What does annex
mean?
Sequencing
E
W
PURCHASED FROM
GREAT BRITAIN, 1818
Defining
San Antonio
MEXICO
Gulf of Mexico
400 miles
Settlement/City
400 kilometers
0
Albers Equal-Area Conic projection
110°W
100°W
90°W
Moving west gave settlers new opportunities. However, they
often settled on Native Americans’ land.
As the United States expanded west, different ways of life
developed in the Northern and Southern states. The South
depended on enslaved African workers to raise cotton. The North
had factories. Some Northerners wanted to end slavery in the
entire country.
Marking the
Text
11. Read the text to the
left. Highlight the
differences that
developed between
the Northern states
and Southern states as
the United States
expanded west.
Reading Essentials and Study Guide 53
NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______
The United States
Lesson 2: History of the United States, continued
Marking the
Text
12. Read the text on the
right. Highlight the
results of the Civil War.
Determining
Word Meaning
13. What are reservations?
Marking the
Text
14. Read the text to the
right. Underline the
migrations that
occurred in the United
States.
15. What resources
attracted Americans to
the western region in
the 1800s?
Explaining
16. Why were World War I
and II called world wars?
54 Reading Essentials and Study Guide
The war ended after four years of bloody fighting. More than
600,000 Americans had died. The North’s win united the country.
Millions of African Americans were freed.
After the war, more Americans moved west to mine, farm, or
ranch. Many settled on the Great Plains when the government
promised them land there. The Great Plains became important for
agriculture—growing crops and raising livestock. Cowboys in
places like Texas herded cattle and drove them north to railroad
stations. As western settlement continued, Native Americans were
forced to live on reservations set aside for them. This land had
poor soil.
States in the South passed laws taking away the rights of
African Americans. Thousands of them moved from the South to
the North in the Great Migration. It was part of a larger rural-tourban migration that was occurring. Millions of people left rural
areas and moved to cities to work in industry. Industry is
manufacturing, or making products to sell. At the same time,
people from Europe, Asia, and Latin America migrated to the
United States seeking work too.
A World Leader
Guiding Question What role does the United States have in
the world?
During the 1900s, the United States fought in two world wars.
World War I began in Europe in 1914. The United States tried to
remain neutral but joined the Allied powers of Britain, France, and
Russia when Germany sank an American ship. Germany
surrendered in November 1918.
World War II broke out in Europe in 1939. German leader Adolf
Hitler wanted an empire in Europe. Japan wanted an empire in
eastern Asia. When Japan attacked the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii, on December 7, 1941, the United States declared war. The
United States and its allies defeated Germany in May 1945. In
August 1945, the country dropped atomic bombs on Japan. Japan
surrendered, and World War II came to an end. Nearly 55 million
people around the world had died.
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Reading
Progress Check
Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery, was elected president
in 1860. His election led 11 Southern states to secede from, or
leave, the United States. They set up the Confederate States of
America. In 1861, the Civil War began.
NAME ________________________________________ DATE _____________ CLASS ______
The United States
Lesson 2: History of the United States, continued
After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union became
the world’s two major powers. They competed for leadership in a
rivalry known as the Cold War. The war was called “cold” because it
never became “hot,” meaning no actual fighting occurred. The Cold
War ended with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.
During the 1900s, women’s groups in the United States fought
for and won the right to vote. Efforts were made to help women
get pay equal to men’s pay for the same work. A civil rights
movement for African Americans began. Civil rights are basic
rights that belong to all citizens. The Supreme Court ruled against
racial segregation, or separation, in public schools. Congress passed
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965.
The United States has gone through other changes since World
War II. The population has doubled. There was an economic
boom. Many people moved to the suburbs outside the cities and
bought cars to drive to and from work. The interstate highway
system was built.
Marking the
Text
17. Read the text on the
left. Highlight the
meaning of the term
civil rights. Then
underline actions that
helped African
Americans obtain civil
rights.
Reading
Progress Check
18. What was the Cold War?
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
The United States has also faced terrorism. Terrorism is violence
against civilians for political goals. The worst act of terrorism was on
September 11, 2001. Terrorists seized passenger planes and crashed
them into buildings. After that, the United States carried out a war
against terrorism in Afghanistan and other countries in Asia.
Writing
Check for Understanding
1. Expository Explain how life changed for Native Americans from before European
settlement to the late 1800s.
2. Expository Tell about the Civil War: why it was fought, how it began, and how it ended.
Reading Essentials and Study Guide 55