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Review
What do American value?
(Williams 1970)
Achievement and success
 Hard work
 Efficiency and practicality
 Science and rationality
 Progress
 Material comfort
 Equality
 Freedom
 Democracy
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Statements of belief
Men are stronger than women.
 God exists.
 Hard work leads to personal success.
 Women are smarter than men.
 The heart is the seat of emotion.
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Which of the following is an example of
something that would pertain to a person’s
symbolic culture?
Navajo jewelry
 A knife, fork, and spoon
 Imported French wine
 A Rembrandt painting
 Belonging to a political party
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Which of the following is an example of
something that would pertain to a person’s
or a society’s material culture?
Weapons of war
 Democracy as a political system
 A belief in a supreme being
 A preference to have health rather than
wealth
 Hard work leads to personal success.
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The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (also called the
principle of linguistic relativity) suggests that:
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Although we have different labels for things,
all humans share the same sense of social
reality.
Non-verbal communication is as powerful as
language in social interaction.
Language can structure our perceptions of
reality.
We relate to each other on a symbolic rather
than literal level.
Our perceptions of reality can affect the
dialect we speak.
In America, a married man who has several mistresses is
violating a_______, but if he is married to more than one
women at the same time he is violating a _____.
Positive sanction/Negative sanction
 Law/Taboo
 Norm/Folkway
 Folkway/Sanction
 More/Law
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Which of the following groups in most likely
to be classified as a counterculture?
A group of survivalists living in Montana
 New York taxi drivers
 Students belonging to the Middle
Eastern Studies Club
 Members of the NAACP (National
Association for the Advancement of
Colored People)
 A member of the American Bar
Association
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A “culture war” is best illustrated by which
of the following example?
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The presence of an ROTC unit on a college
campus
One Democrat and two Republican serving
as County Commissioners together
Pro-life advocates demonstrating in front of a
family planning clinic
Christians celebrating Easter, Jews
celebrating Passover and Muslims
celebrating Ramadan
The existence of both a football team and a
debate team in many high schools
When Patti Sue took her world tour she was able to have lunch at a
McDonald’s in Tokyo, eat dinner at a Hard Rock Café in Hong Kong,
purchase clothes at a Macy’s in London, and be entertained at a
Disney Show in Paris. This homogenization of cultures around the
world is called:
Reformulation
 Technological transfer
 Cultural leveling
 Cultural lag
 Cultural diffusion
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Why do ethnocentric people tend to
view other cultures as abnormal?
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Because other cultures are extremely
different from theirs.
Because they understand other values and
beliefs within the proper cultural context.
Because they use their own culture as a
standard of judgment.
Because they are practicing cultural
relativism.
Because they are part of a counterculture.
According to sociologists, what
are signs?
Parts of material culture that helps direct
traffic
 Ways in which people use their bodies
to communicate without words
 Deeply ingrained norms
 Ideas about what is desirable
 Anything designed to meaningfully
represent something else
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When an employee is promoted over the heads of more
deserving coworkers because he or she has a special
relationship with the boss, this is an example of:
The way the culture wars happen
 The role the high culture in determining
status and rank
 The business of culture
 The distinction between ideal culture
and real culture
 The importance of cultural capital
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How is a subculture different from a
counterculture?
Members of a subculture actively protest and fight to
change society, while members of a counterculture
drop out of society.
 Both are distinct from the mainstream, but only
members of a subculture actively oppose important
aspects of mainstream culture.
 Subcultures are always smaller than countercultures.
 Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a
counterculture actively opposes important aspects of
the mainstream.
 Subcultures are not culturally distinct from the
mainstream, they just occupy a particular geographic
area.
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