Download Chapter 4: Buddhism Study Guide

Name: _________________________________________Number_________Date_________________Period_______
Chapter 4: Buddhism Study Guide
Look up the answers to the following sections, which is due at the following class session.
True or False
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
The life of Gautama is known more through legend than through verifiable fact.
Gautama remained an ascetic all his life.
One of the Three Jewels is the Buddha.
Dharma in Buddhism is exactly the same as the Hindu doctrine of dharma.
Like many religions, Buddhism depends on a revelation from the divine for its truths.
Both Buddhism and Hinduism teach the doctrine of samsara.
The emphasis in Buddhist morality is on the actual outcome of an act, not the intention behind it.
The Five Precepts apply only to Buddhist monks and nuns.
The Buddha severely condemned attachments, even between family members.
The heart of Buddhist practice lies specifically in wisdom.
Nirvana cannot be understood until it is experienced.
The Buddha specifically refused to say whether or not a person exists in nirvana.
Multiple Choice
Choose the single best answer to complete each statement.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
1. Buddha was a
man
god
supernatural being
both a and c
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a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Siddhartha Gautama was born into
poverty
luxury
the warrior caste
both b and c
___
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. Which of the Four Passing Sights filled Gautama with hope?
the decrepit old man
the mendicant
the corpse
the diseased man
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a.
b.
c.
d.
4. Gautama finally attained enlightenment when he
perceived his previous lifetimes
discovered the Four Noble Truths
acquired the "divine eye"
accepted a simple meal
___ 5. Taking refuge in the Three Jewels means one is
a.
a Buddhist
b.
c.
d.
loath to accept asceticism
mired in Mara’s realm
distracted by worldly charms
___
a.
b.
c.
d.
6. For Buddhists, Gautama the Buddha is
the first Buddha
the only Buddha
not the first or only Buddha
the most superior deity
___
a.
b.
c.
d.
7. Buddhism holds that salvation must be won through
the gods
efforts of the human mind
the intervention of arhats
both a and c
___
a.
b.
c.
d.
8. When Gautama looked deeply within himself, he discovered
Atman
the eternal self
both a and b
change
___
a.
b.
c.
d.
9. Which of the following is not one of the Three Marks of Existence?
no-self (anatta)
impermanence (anicca)
action (karma)
suffering (dukkha)
___
a.
b.
c.
d.
10. The Noble Eightfold Path sets forth
extreme religious practices
stages to be mastered and left behind
a life of moderation and ongoing practices
both a and b
___ 11. Which of the following is not a primary focal point of Buddhist training, embraced
by the Noble Eightfold Path?
a.
unconditional love
b.
wisdom
c.
morality
d.
concentration
___
a.
b.
c.
d.
12. The arhat is
free from tanha
free from dukkha
perfectly compassionate toward all living things
all of the above
Identification
Listed below are Buddhism’s three great "vehicles." Match the appropriate letter to the numbered characteristics
of the various vehicles.
a.
b.
c.
Theravada
Mahayana
Vajrayana
___ 1. The Great Vehicle, whose adherents revere bodhisattvas and consider compassion the supreme
virtue.
___ 2. Also known by the somewhat derisive name of Hinayana (the Lesser Vehicle), this is the prevalent
form of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, and Kampuchea (Cambodia).
___ 3. The Vehicle of the Diamond.
___ 4. Follows the earliest texts, focuses on the teachings of Buddhism, and emphasizes the monastic life.
___ 5. The largest division of Buddhism and the dominant form of Buddhism in China, Korea, and Japan.
___ 6. Focuses on the Buddha himself, celebrating him as a divine savior.
___ 7. The prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet.
___ 8. Harnesses sensual energies to propel individuals toward enlightenment.
Matching
Match the definitions below with the word that fits the definition. Write the letter in the blank before the
definition it matches.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2a.
2b.
2c.
2d.
2e.
3a.
3b.
3c.
3d.
sangha
karma
Buddha
nirvana
mantras
Dharma
asceticism
arhat
mandalas
Pali
bodhisattva
mudras
tanha
Dalai Lama
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Rigorous self-denial.
This means "awakened one".
The state of eternal bliss that is ultimate salvation.
A saint, or one who has become enlightened.
The Buddhist community of monks, nuns, and laity.
The teachings of the Buddha.
An ancient language of India, spoken by the common people.
This determines the nature of one’s rebirth.
Selfish desire; it is the second noble truth.
A "Buddha in the making," the ideal type for Mahayana Buddhists.
Patterned icons that visually excite and are used in Vajrayana Buddhism.
Choreographed hand movements used in Vajrayana Buddhist rituals.
Resonating chants used especially in Vajrayana Buddhism.
Head of the hierarchy of Vajrayana Buddhist clergy.
Name: _________________________________________Number_________Date_________________Period_______
Essay
Complete the following essay questions from Chapter 4 on Buddhism.
1. How did Siddhartha Gautama learn about the reality of suffering and the impermanence of life’s pleasures? What did
he do in response to this discovery? What would you have done if you had been in his position?
2. Define the Middle Way. Compare this doctrine to another religion’s perspective on what constitutes a healthy
spiritual life.
3. Name two ways that Buddhism and Hinduism are alike and two ways that they are different.
4. "To examine completely the inner realm of self leads to the discovery that the self does not exist." Explain how a
Buddhist might make sense of this paradox. Then describe briefly how a Hindu might respond to such a
statement.
5. Contrast the Buddhist and Hindu views of what is reborn after death.
6. What are Buddhism’s central teachings called? List them and tell whether you agree with each one, and why.
7. Do you think Buddhism is a pessimistic religion? Explain your answer.
8. Briefly recall in writing the story of the Buddha and the tigress. Propose an argument either for or against the degree
of compassion being held up as the ideal.
9.
Which of the three great rafts, or "vehicles," of Buddhism most appeals to you? Why?