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Weather from the Weather Smart Series written and produced by... Alan Sealls, Meteorologist Produced and Distributed by... 1560 Sherman Avenue, Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 800-323-9084 24-Hour Fax 847-328-6706 http://www.unitedlearning.com This video is the exclusive property of the copyright holder. Copying, transmitting, or reproducing in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the copyright holder is prohibited (Title 17, U.S. Code Sections 501 and 506). © MMI Alan Sealls Weather Smart: Weather Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Curriculum Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Program Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Series Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Teacher Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Instructional Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Pre-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Student Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Student Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Introducing the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Discussion Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Blackline Master Activities . . . . . . . . . . .7 Extended Learning Activities . . . . . . . . .8 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Reference Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Script of Program Narration . . . . . . . . .13 CC This video is closed captioned. The purchase of this video program entitles the user to the right to reproduce or duplicate, in whole or in part, this teacher’s guide and the blackline master handouts that accompany it for the purpose of teaching in conjunction with this video, WEATHER SMART: WEATHER. This right is restricted only for use with this video program. Any reproduction or duplication in whole or in part of this guide and the blackline master handouts for any purpose other than for use with this program is prohibited. CLASSROOM/LIBRARY VIEWING CLEARANCE This program is for instructional use. The cost of each program includes public performance rights as long as no admission charge is made. Public performance rights are defined as viewing of a video in the course of face-to-face teaching activities in a classroom, library, or similar setting devoted to instruction. Closed Circuit Rights are included as a part of the pubic performance rights as long as closed-circuit transmission is restricted to a single campus. For multiple locations, call your United Learning representative. Television/Cable/Satellite Rights are available. Call your United Learning representative for details. Duplication Rights are available if requested in large quantities. Call your United Learning representative for details. Quantity Discounts are available for large purchases. Call your United Learning representative for information and pricing. Discounts, and some special services, are not applicable outside the United States. Your suggestions and recommendations are welcome. Feel free at any time to call United Learning at 1-800-323-9084. Weather from the Weather Smart Series INTRODUCTION Weather Smart is a series comprised of 10 weather programs for grades 3-8. It is written and produced by Alan Sealls, an award-winning meteorologist who has worked for WGN-TV, and CNN. Each program is supported by exercises, quizzes, Internet references, and hands-on experiments to make the weather come alive to students. The series is an entire "course" in the wonders of weather while each program stands alone in approaching the various facets of meteorology. These delightful and entertaining programs are geared toward kids' fascination with weather. Each program may be used as an introduction, supplement, or follow-up to weather studies. Weather is a program that covers all the fundamentals of meteorology. In Weather, kids see awesome images of phenomena as gentle as a rainbow and as devastating as a hurricane. They learn that the sun drives all weather as it interacts with air and moisture. The unique properties of air and water sustain life and these properties are demonstrated in experiments that the kids can duplicate. Internet references will allow students to further their exploration of meteorology. CURRICULUM STANDARDS Weather Smart: Weather correlates to the following science standards: National Science Education Standards, grades K-4 Science as Inquiry CONTENT STANDARD A: • Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry • Understanding about scientific inquiry Physical Science CONTENT STANDARD B: • Properties of objects and materials • Position and motion of objects • Light, heat, electricity, and magnetism 1 Life Science CONTENT STANDARD C: • The characteristics of organisms Earth and Space Science CONTENT STANDARD D: • Properties of earth materials • Objects in the sky • Changes in earth and sky Science and Technology CONTENT STANDARD E: • Abilities of technological design • Understanding about science and technology • Abilities to distinguish between natural objects and objects made by humans Science in Personal & Social Perspectives CONTENT STANDARD F: • Personal health • Types of resources • Changes in environments • Science and technology in local challenges History and Nature of Science CONTENT STANDARD G: • Science as a human endeavor National Science Education Standards, grades 5-8 Science as Inquiry CONTENT STANDARD A: • Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry • Understanding about scientific inquiry Physical Science CONTENT STANDARD B: • Properties and changes of properties in matter • Motions and forces • Transfer of energy Life Science CONTENT STANDARD C: • Populations and ecosystems 2 Earth and Space Science CONTENT STANDARD D: • Structure of the earth system • Earth's history • Earth in the solar system Science and Technology CONTENT STANDARD E: • Abilities of technological design • Understanding about science and technology Science in Personal & Social Perspectives CONTENT STANDARD F: • Personal health • Natural hazards • Risks and benefits • Science and technology in society History and Nature of Science CONTENT STANDARD G: • Science as a human endeavor • Nature of science PROGRAM SUMMARY The basics of air, wind, and water are covered to illustrate that weather is both dynamic and simple at the same time. Dazzling and exciting footage shows the wide variety of weather, while animations show why we have seasons. Students learn that the combination of air, moisture, and heat from the sun can generate gentle clouds, ferocious storms, beautiful sunsets, frost on cars, sweltering heat, and everything else in between. Students are introduced to meteorology as a profession that is more than just the weather forecast on TV. Fun experiments are shown and presented in the Blackline masters that kids can duplicate to better understand how air reacts to changes in temperature. The program ends with a quiz. 3 SERIES GOALS The Weather Smart series will give students the entire scope of meteorology, fostering an appreciation for weather as a universal, ever-present aspect of life on Earth. • Varying combinations of heat, air, and water generate weather. • The sun is the driving force behind weather. • Air and water have unique properties. • Neither Earth nor life would exist as we know them without weather. • Humans can affect weather or climate. • Weather forecasts make our lives easier and safer. • Tools and instruments help us to understand and predict weather. • Mathematics is needed to assess and forecast weather and climate. • Scientists do not fully know what makes weather and climate change. • Weather and climate are cyclical. • There is beauty in the sky. • Meteorology is a wide-reaching profession. TEACHER PREPARATION Duplicate a sufficient quantity of the Blackline Masters for your students. In order to undertake all of the exercises in this program, the following items are needed in appropriate amounts and quantities: computer with Internet connection water clear cup or jar food coloring plastic two-liter bottles index cards INSTRUCTIONAL NOTES Before presenting Weather to your students, we suggest you preview the program and review this guide and 4 accompanying Blackline Master activities in order to familiarize yourself with their content. As you review the materials presented in this guide, you may find it necessary to make changes, additions, or deletions to meet the specific needs of your class. We encourage you to do so, for only by tailoring this program to your students will they obtain the maximum instructional benefits afforded by the materials. We also suggest that the program viewing take place before the entire group under your supervision. The lesson activities grow out of the context of the program; therefore, the presentation should be a common experience for all students. PRE-TEST To gauge student level of understanding of weather, you may use any of several of the Blackline Masters as both pre-test and post-test. Those most appropriate would be Blackline Master 1 Video Quiz, Blackline Master 3, Discussion Questions, and Blackline Master 4, Write in the Correct Word. STUDENT PREPARATION Pass around copies of a newspaper's weather section. Ask the class how much of it they understand. Discuss why newspapers give so much information on weather. Have the students watch a weather forecast on TV or visit a weather-related website, such as www.weather.com and write down words that are used to describe weather. Ask them if the forecast helped them to plan for the next day. You might also record a weather forecast for use in class where you can replay it several times. Each time, have kids focus on different aspects of weather such as heat, clouds, wind, math, vocabulary, and geography. STUDENT OBJECTIVES After viewing the program and participating in the followup activities, students should be able to: 5 • Identify the basic instruments used to observe weather. • Describe how air, sun, and water create weather. • Describe the unique properties of air and water. • Identify the water cycle. • List the ways in which weather benefits Earth. • Identify sources of weather information. • Demonstrate how warm water behaves differently from cool water. • Identify weather hazards. • Read a heat index chart. INTRODUCING THE PROGRAM Either Blackline Master 8 or 9 may be used to introduce the topic. Perform one experiment in front of the class to pique curiosity and bring about discussion of how it relates to weather. You may also choose to have any one of these experiments undertaken by the class, in small groups. Present the program. Weather Smart: Weather runs 15 minutes. A video quiz corresponding to Blackline Master 1 is at the conclusion of the program. You may choose to pause the program for a longer period between questions to allow more time for answers or for discussion. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS As printed on Blackline Master 3, the answers are found in the Answer Key on page 8. 1. What is your favorite kind of weather? 2. What are some weather dangers you find in the summer? 3. What makes weather move and change? 4. How would weather be different if we didn't have water on Earth? 5. What good do hurricanes and snowstorms do? 6. What are some weather dangers you find in the winter? 7. What can air do that makes it special? 8. How would things be different if we didn't have weather forecasts? 9. What things do people do that might change the weather? 6 10. In what ways can you get weather forecasts? BLACKLINE MASTER ACTIVITIES 1. Video Quiz may be used as a pre-test and post-test. The actual quiz is at the conclusion of the program. 2. Weather Vocabulary Word Search is a fun way to familiarize students with the words presented in this program. Students may work in groups to find the hidden words. 3. Discussion Questions may be administered at any time or given as a take-home assignment. 4. Write in the Correct Word is another opportunity for you to assess student comprehension and retention. 5. Practice Plotting is a simple plot of values used to create a line chart. It gives a clear picture that temperature typically falls throughout the night, and then rises through the day. It also illustrates that the lowest temperature of the day is typically just before sunrise, and the warmest temperature occurs in mid-afternoon. 6. Temperature for a Day must be set up by you before distribution. It is similar to Practice Plotting, you must enter a range of temperature on the vertical axis that will cover your typical temperature range in a day. Use increments of two or five degrees to make it easier for the kids to interpolate (read between the lines). On the horizontal axis, you must enter times of the day. If you have an electronic recording temperature sensor, you can use that data, otherwise gather the actual temperature readings from a local newspaper or the Internet. 7. Weather for a Week must be set up by you before distribution. You must enter a range of temperature on the vertical axis that will cover your typical high temperatures in a week. Use increments of two or five degrees to make it easier for the kids to interpolate (read between the lines). 8. Warm Energy is an experiment that shows warm objects have more energy. Be careful to not stain clothing with food coloring. 9. Warm Air Rising is an experiment using water that shows warm water will rise when surrounded by cold water. This principle should be extended to air. Be careful to not stain clothing with food coloring. This experiment is best performed over a sink or other area where spilled 7 water can be contained. 10. Heat Index Chart illustrates the relationship between temperature, humidity and personal comfort. It strengthens the students' chart-reading skills. 11. Fun Weather Facts are pieces of information that can be used in class in a trivia game, or simply by the kids to show how weather smart they are. 12. Internet Sites gives the kids many more opportunities to continue their weather exploration. EXTENDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES Contact local businesses and agencies that are dependent on weather. Your class may be allowed to visit them to gain a local perspective. You might also assign students to contact and arrange for a visit or interview. • Meteorologists who work at a nearby office of the National Weather Service or on TV or at a university can discuss local weather. • Doctors or nurses can describe how extreme weather is hazardous. • Architects and construction companies can illustrate and explain how buildings are designed to take into account sunlight, wind direction, as well as any hazardous weather such as floods or hurricanes. • Your local emergency management agency can describe all the events that take place when a weather disaster occurs. • A local historian may be able to describe past extreme weather and how it affected your community. • A city planner can discuss how cities prepare for weather extremes. ANSWER KEY Video Quiz 1. true 2. false 3. true 4. true 5. false 6. true 7. true 8. true 9. false 10. true 8 Weather Vocabulary Word Search Discussion Questions 1. Any answer is correct. 2. Summer weather dangers are excessive heat, high ozone levels, poor air quality, lightning, damaging wind, tornadoes, and hurricanes. 3. Weather moves because wind pushes it around. The wind is generated by differences in temperature over the Earth. Change is the nature of weather. Change is the attempt at the atmosphere to balance heat and moisture. 4. If we didn't have water, there would be no clouds and no life as we know it. The side of the Earth facing the sun would be very hot and the opposite side would be very cold. There would likely be wind and dust storms. 5. Hurricanes and snow storms carry on the water cycle and transport moisture. They provide clean water for people, animals, and plants. They cleanse the air of pollutants. 6. Winter weather dangers are excessive cold (frostbite, hypothermia), thin ice on lakes, ice storms, ice on walking surfaces, extreme snowfalls, home fires, and carbon monoxide poisoning from improper heating ventilation. 9 7. Air can expand or shrink, rise or sink, move as wind, push things, suspend things, and transport things such as water or pollution. 8. Without weather forecasts, more people would be unprepared for changes in temperature. We wouldn't be able to plan outdoor activities with certainty. Transportation would be very difficult over great distances, especially for airplanes and ships. More people would be injured by storms. 9. We might be changing our weather by creating or draining lakes, cutting down forests, covering large areas with cement and concrete, and by polluting the environment. 10. One can get weather forecasts from NOAA weather radio, the Internet, newspapers, radio, and TV. Write in the Correct Word 1. condensation 2. sun 3. precipitation 4. sinks 5. equator 6. water 7. more 8. air 9. humidity 10. clouds Practice Plotting 10 Temperature for a Day Results will be similar to image above. Appearance will vary depending upon your weather and how you set up the graph; see instructions in Blackline Master Activities. Weather for a Week Appearance will vary depending upon your weather and how you set up the graph; see instructions in Blackline Master Activities. The image below is a sample. Warm Energy The food coloring added to the warm water will mix more rapidly because the warm water has more (kinetic) energy. Warm Air Rising The warm (red) water will rise into the cold (blue) water. This shows us that warm air rises to help form clouds. Internet Activities As listed on Blackline Master 12. Pennsylvania State University Meteorology kids page http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/kidswx/kids.html This page has games and activities, along with files you can download. 11 Federal Emergency Management Agency kids section http://www.fema.gov/kids/ See lots of fun and interesting information on weather and storm safety. NASA kids links http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/ Keep your head in the clouds with a large number of weather and space links. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration photo library http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/index.html Are you looking for hurricanes or tornadoes? Find a picture of just about any kind of weather here in more than 10,000 images from NOAA. Interactive Weather Information Network from the National Weather Service http://weather.gov Would you like to know the weather for any city in the United States? See satellite and radar images to help you plan a trip, or even just a day outside. Find out if there are any severe weather watches or warnings. As Internet addresses can change, you may have to use a search engine to find the title of the page or website that you are seeking. You may also have luck by going to the host website URL. For example, if you are looking for http://www.alan.edu/weather/cloud.html and you get a message that the page is no longer available, then try http://www.alan.edu/ and look or search for weather and then cloud or something that sounds similar. REFERENCE MATERIAL National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration education links http://www.education.noaa.gov/ Numerous references to weather education links 12 Environment Canada Weather Information http://weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca Weather information for Canada includes good resource information for ozone, storms, pollution, sky watching, as well as an online cloud chart. Energizer WeatherBeat http://www.energizer.com/weatherbeat/ Fun weather and science projects for kids and teachers. American Meteorological Society http://www.ametsoc.org/AMS Locate references and resources for teachers interested in data collection or science projects. Peruse an extensive listing of universities that offer meteorology programs. National Weather Association http://www.nwas.org/ Join an organization for weather professionals and enthusiasts. Find information on grants, k-12 links, and professional meteorologists to answer your questions. Find many more weather experiments and simple designs for weather instruments in the Hands on Weather programs also distributed by United Learning. Comments, suggestions, or questions regarding this Weather Smart program should be addressed to the producer, Alan Sealls ([email protected]). SCRIPT OF NARRATION Weather is colorful. Weather is exciting. Weather is gentle. Weather is awesome. Weather is something that people share on Earth. In every city and in every country, you can find fluffy cumulus clouds, pretty sunsets, blue skies, and feathery cirrus clouds. Every place has wind that could be breezy or gusty. In almost every place you get rain. And then in some places, you get hail, floods, lightning, thunderstorms, snowstorms, hurricanes, and tornadoes. 13 There's a lot of weather on Earth and a lot to learn about it. Scientists who study weather are called meteorologists. Meteorologists know that there are three ingredients you need to make weather: air, sunshine, and water. Sunshine carries heat to Earth. When air warms up, it rises and starts moving as wind. Wind carries water and clouds and spreads them around to make weather all over the Earth. Weather is nature's way of mixing up temperature and moving water to keep the Earth healthy and comfortable. Without weather some parts of the Earth would never get rain, other parts would stay frozen, and other parts would be so hot that people couldn't live there. Without weather, we would not have clean water to drink or clean air to breathe. We can't see or touch air but it is special because it can do a lot of different things. Air can be squeezed, it can rise or sink, it can slow things down, it can move around, and it can move things like clouds and pollution. When heat from the sun warms air, the air grows and starts to rise. This is the same thing we see in a hot air balloon. The heat from the burner fills the balloon with warm air and makes it rise and float. Warm air is lighter than cold air. When air gets cold, it gets heavier and sinks to the ground. On Earth, you always find rising warm air over the equator where the temperature is warm, and sinking cold air over the North and South Poles, where it is colder. The sinking cold air keeps building up more and more so it gets heavier and meteorologists say it is making high pressure. After a while the air has to spread out so it starts moving toward the equator. When air moves across the Earth, it is wind. The wind from the North and South Poles goes toward the equator where the air is rising and the pressure is lower. Wind always blows from high pressure to low pressure. It gets stronger in the afternoon when the temperature is warmer. At night, the wind slows down. Even in the mid14 dle of the night when there might not be wind where you are, there is always wind way above the ground. There's a strong wind about six miles, or ten kilometers, above the ground that pushes weather from west to east. That's called the jetstream. You can't see the jetstream but you can see the clouds that it pushes along. When we look at Earth from a satellite, we see that most of the planet is covered with water. That means that when wind blows it can pick up water from the oceans, carry it in the clouds, and move it to another spot where it falls as rain or snow. This happens all the time and it's called the water cycle. Water is special because it can hide, change shape, carry things, and move things. Most of our planet's water is in the oceans but some of it floats in the air and some of it stays frozen in glaciers. When water droplets become invisible and rise into the air, we call that evaporation. Evaporation happens even in a swimming pool. Tiny water droplets leave the pool and go into the air to make humidity. When a meteorologist says the air is humid, that means there is a lot of water floating in the air, but it is hiding. We do get to see the water in the air when it makes a cloud or fog. Clouds do a good job of holding water and moving it to another spot. One of the tricks that water can do is it can freeze. Water in the clouds can freeze into tiny pieces of ice. When the air is cold enough, instead of rain we get snow. Rain and snow are the main way that water gets back to the ground from the air. We call that precipitation. Water in a cloud can block sunlight to keep you cooler. Or, if too much water falls at once it can make a flood. Floods are dangerous because they can lift cars, move lots of soil, and drown people. They don't always happen near rivers or lakes. Floods can happen in city streets, and sometimes you can even get floods in a desert. Meteorologists know that hurricanes happen only in some parts of the Earth because hurricanes need warm water to start. We find tornadoes only in certain countries 15 because you need to have just the right amount of humidity, temperature, and wind to make twisters. We know that glaciers are close to the North and South Pole. When you study the entire Earth you see that certain kinds of weather are found in certain places. In your city, you probably find different weather every few months of the year. That's because the Earth has seasons. Winter, spring, summer, and fall are the four seasons. Fall is also called autumn. Winter is the coldest season when the days are short and it snows in many places. Spring is the season where many cities get a lot of rain to help the flowers start growing. Summer is the hot season when the days are long and the sun is high in the sky, and fall is when we start cooling down and the leaves fall off of the trees. What causes the seasons? We can thank the sun once again. Our seasons change because the rays from the sun have a different slant through the year. When the northern half of the Earth leans toward the sun, the sun is higher in the sky and the days are longer. That is summer. In summer your shadow is short. But look at the southern half of Earth. At the same time, it leans away from the sun so it would be winter there. The sun's rays would hit the ground at more of a slant and not be as strong. Whatever the season is in the northern half of Earth, the southern half has the opposite season. Summer for the northern half of Earth ends as the earth straightens back up with the sun. When summer ends, fall begins. The days get a little shorter and the sun is not so high in the sky. Each ray of sunlight gets slanted more. When the northern half of Earth leans away from the sun, it becomes winter. You might notice that your shadow gets longer in the winter and that's because the sun is lower. Each ray of sunlight is more spread out because it is more slanted. Sunshine in winter is not as strong. 16 While people in the northern half of earth dress in heavy clothes and some of them dig out from snowstorms, people in the southern half of Earth wear shorts and go to the beach because it is summer there. The summer season is one where you can spend a lot of time outside because the days are warm. But you have to be careful to not stay in the sun too long. Too much sun on a hot day can make you sick so drink a lot of water and find a cool spot to rest. Summer is also the season when the air can become very sticky. The sticky feeling comes from lots of water floating in the air that we say is high humidity. When air is very humid it makes you feel hotter. Meteorologists use a heat index to let you know that sometimes the air feels hotter than it really is. In the winter, the opposite happens. Because dry air does not hold a lot of water, you don't have to worry about a heat index but you do need to think about a wind chill index. When the air is cold and the wind blows, it makes you feel colder than what the thermometer shows. If you are not dressed properly with boots, mittens, and a hat, you might get frostbite and get sick. Each season there is some kind of weather to watch out for. In the spring and summer there are more thunderstorms because the air is warm and that helps the cumulonimbus clouds grow. The lightning is pretty to watch when you are far away but it is dangerous. Lightning is electricity so when you see lightning or hear thunder you should go inside. Lightning makes thunder but the thunder won't hurt you. It's just noise. Thunderstorms that are powerful or severe can make tornadoes. Always keep up with the weather forecast so you will be safer. Meteorologists usually know when bad weather is coming so you have time to get out of the way. You can be safer if you live in the United States and buy a weather radio. A weather radio gives weather information all through the day and night and it has an alarm that you hear whenever the weather becomes dangerous. Meteorologists on TV can also let you know what is hap17 pening with storms as they show you the satellite and radar and where the weather fronts are. There are a lot of meteorologists who are not on TV. Since there is so much weather all over the world, you find meteorologists who work for airlines, farmers, railroads, ski resorts, golf courses, and construction companies. There are many meteorologists who still study weather to try to figure out how tornadoes happen. Some meteorologists fly into hurricanes to measure the wind, while others use computers to make models of how weather works and how it might change. Understanding weather is important because it helps to make us safer. Sometimes it is dangerous but most of the time it is gentle and pleasant. Everybody lives easier when they know what the weather might be. We might not always like what the weather brings us but it's all a part of the Earth staying healthy. When our planet is healthy we enjoy clean water, fresh air, and pretty sights. We are lucky have such beautiful weather. Keep studying the sky, it's never too late to start. You might be surprised but you will be weather smart. Let's take a weather quiz. Answer these ten questions true or false. Number one- Heat from the sun makes wind. Number two- At night all weather stops. Number three- A meteorologist is a person who studies weather. Number four- Storms help to make the Earth healthy. Number five- We could live without air and water. Number six- You can get a weather forecast from radios. Number seven- To make weather we need air, water, and sunshine. Number eight- Air can be squeezed. Number nine- Hurricanes start over cold land. Number ten- Tornadoes make very strong winds. 18 1 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Video Quiz Directions: Answer either true or false. 1. ________ Heat from the sun makes wind. 2. ________ At night, all weather stops. 3. ________ A meteorologist is a person who studies weather. 4. ________ Storms help to keep the Earth healthy. 5. ________ We could live without air and water. 6. ________ You can get weather forecasts from radios. 7. ________ To make weather we need air, water, and sunshine. 8. ________ Air can be squeezed. 9. ________ Hurricanes start over cold land. 10. ________ Tornadoes can make very strong winds. © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 2 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Weather Vocabulary Word Search Directions: Draw a line through each word that you find. E R U T A R E P M E T S P V T J L J E T S T R E A M U W W S F L O O D W I N T E R M O O U R S U N S H I N E A Z M N B G O M R A W T S N O S A E S N U N R E N A C I R R U H R I I W T O A Y B A L L O O N N F A V S T I W T O A D L C T A T R S V S R T W I A B O H L E S D D C E P W U N D M G L R C D E R O L I R R L P I Y E I O S A U L N O O I U L K M E Z E E R B D P T U T N S O N U R F Q T D G O P E D K G C P T H I G H S H E R U S S E R P C O O L X Z Words are forward, backward, or diagonal. air balloon breeze clouds cold computer cool desert Earth fall © 2001 Alan Sealls flood fronts gust high hot humidity hurricane jetstream lightning low meteorology ocean pollution pressure rain rainbow science seasons sky snow spring storms summer sunshine temperature tornado warm water wind winter Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 3 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Discussion Questions Directions: Answer the following questions as directed by your teacher. 1. What is your favorite kind of weather? 2. What are some weather dangers you find in the summer? 3. What makes weather move and change? 4. How would weather be different if we didn't have water on Earth? 5. What good do hurricanes and snow storms do? 6. What are some weather dangers you find in the winter? 7. What can air do that makes it special? 8. How would things be different if we didn't have weather forecasts? 9. What things do people do that might change the weather? 10. In what ways can you get weather forecasts? © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 4 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Write in the Correct Word Directions: Circle the correct word(s) to finish the sentence. 1. When you see dew on the grass, that is called condensation / evaporation. 2. The moon / sun gives us heat to make weather move. 3. Radar is a weather instrument that shows precipitation / temperature. 4. Cold air is heavy and it sinks / rises. 5. Earth is always warm at the equator / North Pole. 6. Rain and snow are a part of the water / wind cycle. 7. When air gets warmer, it takes up more / less space. 8. Wind is air / moisture that is moving. 9. In the summer, humidity / pressure can make us feel uncomfortable. 10. Satellites look down on the Earth to show us the wind / clouds. © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 5 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Practice Plotting the Temperature Make a dot to show how warm it was at a certain time. Connect the dots to finish the graph. midnight 2am 4am 6am 8am 10am noon 2pm 4pm 6pm 8pm 10pm © 2001 Alan Sealls 55° 51° 49° 45° 55° 65° 74° 77° 80° 76° 70° 62° Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 6 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Temperature for a Day Make a dot to show how warm it was at a certain time. Connect the dots to finish the graph. © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 7 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Weather for a Week How does the temperature change in a week? Make a dot to show how warm each day was. Connect the dots with lines. In the box below the day of the week, show what kind of weather we had. Why were some days warmer than others? © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 8 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Warm Energy You need: two clear cups warm water cold water food coloring warm cold Fill one cup halfway with warm water and the other cup with cold water. Let them sit for a few minutes. Gently add a few drops of food coloring to each of the cups. What happens? Does the food coloring act differently in the two cups? © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 9 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Warm Air Rising You need: two plastic soda bottles one index card warm water cold water red food coloring blue food coloring cold Put a few drops of blue food coloring in a bottle and then fill the bottle with cold water. Put a few drops of red food coloring in the other bottle and then fill that one with warm water. Place the index card over the top of the cold water bottle. Turn the cold bottle upside down while you hold the index card over it so that the water does not warm spill. Place the upside down bottle and index card on top of the warm bottle. Carefully slide out the index card and watch what happens to the warm water and the cold water. What changes do you see in the bottle with warm water? What changes do you see in the bottle with cold water? © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 10 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Heat Index Chart High relative humidity makes it feel hotter than it really is. You can use this chart to find the Heat Index. The temperature is on the top and the relative humidity is on the side. Find where they meet in the middle of the chart to get the Heat Index. © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 11 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Fun Weather Facts • Some plants, like sunflowers, follow the sun. These are called heliotropic. • In the United States, most thunderstorms happen around Tampa Bay, Florida, where the air and water are always warm. • Even in deserts, you can get water from the air in dew. • Pine cones can tell you about humidity. When the air becomes more humid, pine cones will close. • The air pressure outside of an airplane flying across the ocean is so low that you wouldn't be able to breathe if the doors were open. • Forty-one degrees below zero is the only temperature that the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales share at the same time. • All air has some water vapor in it, so it is never too cold to snow. • The most tornadoes on Earth happen in the United States in an area from Oklahoma into northern Texas, called Tornado Alley. • The seven colors of the rainbow are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Remember the name ROY-G-BIV. Each letter stands for a different color. • An average thunderstorm has more energy than a nuclear bomb. © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 12 Name _______________ Weather Smart: Weather Internet Sites for Weather Fun and Education Pennsylvania State University Meteorology kids page http://eyewall.met.psu.edu/kidswx/kids.html This page has games and activities, along with files you can download. Federal Emergency Management Agency kids section http://www.fema.gov/kids/ See lots of fun and interesting information on weather and storm safety. NASA kids links http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/ Keep your head in the clouds with a large number of weather and space links. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration photo library http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/index.html Are you looking for hurricanes or tornadoes? Find a picture of just about any kind of weather here in more than 10,000 images from NOAA. Interactive Weather Information Network from the National Weather Service http://weather.gov Would you like to know the weather for any city in the United States? See satellite and radar images to help you plan a trip, or even just a day outside. Find out if there are any severe weather watches or warnings. Sometimes the address for a website changes. When that happens, you can usually find it again by doing an Internet search for the title of the page. © 2001 Alan Sealls Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.