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2nd Semester Biology Semester Test Study Guide
Evolution: Change over time
Chapters 15:
1.
Know important scientists and theories of evolution.
- Charles Darwin and natural selection
- Thomas Malthus and population economy
- Alfred Russell Wallace
2.
How/why do species adapt?
3.
Know the difference between mimicry and camouflage.
4.
Know the difference between direct and indirect evidence.
5.
Know the difference between homologous and analogous structures.
6.
Know the difference whether populations or individuals evolve.
7.
Know the definitions of mutations, genetic drift, and gene flow.
8.
Know the difference between stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selections. Know how to
identify the diagram curves.
9.
How can speciation occur?
10. Know the difference between punctuated equilibrium and adaptive radiation.
11. Know the difference between divergent and convergent evolution.
Ch. 17:
1.
What is classification and taxonomy?
2.
Who developed the classification system that is still used today? How did he name organisms?
3.
How are organisms classified today?
4.
What is a dichotomous key? Know how to use one.
5.
What are the 7 main groupings of organisms in taxonomy?
6.
What is the evolutionary history of a species?
7.
What is cladistics?
8.
Be able to list the six kingdoms used to classify organisms. Know their basic characteristics and
examples of organisms in each.
Invertebrates
1.
Know different types of symmetry.
2.
Know the difference between dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior.
3.
Know the major classes of invertebrates (sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, gastropods, bivalves,
cephalopods, segmented worms, arthropods, and echinoderms) and the following of each:
- unique characteristics/adaptations & functions
- how they maintain homeostasis
- environment/where they are found
- advantages
- examples of organisms in each kingdom
Vertebrates
1.
Know the major classes of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
(including marsupials and monotremes). Know their unique characteristics and adaptations.
2.
Know the following characteristics for each class:
- symmetry, support
- type of: circulatory system, nervous system, respiratory system
- unique characteristics/adaptations & functions
- how maintain homeostasis
- environment
- advantages
Animal Behavior
1.
What is behavior?
2.
Know the difference between innate and learned behavior.
3
Know the difference between stimulus and response.
4.
Know the differences between instinctive behavior – courtship, territory, aggression, dominance
hierarchy, migration, hibernation, and estivation
5.
Know the differences between learned behavior – habituation, imprinting, trial & error, classical
conditioning, insight
6.
What is communication?
Plants
1.
What are the 6 main characteristics of plants?
2.
What do plants need in order to survive?
3.
What are the 3 plant adaptations?
- functions
- specialized cells
4.
Know the difference between xylem and phloem.
5.
Know the difference between vascular cambium and cork cambium.
6.
Know the difference between sporophyte and gametophyte.
7.
Know the difference between primary growth and secondary growth.
8.
Know the difference between non-vascular and vascular plants.
9.
Know the 4 major characteristics of vascular plants.
10. Know the difference between monocots and dicots.
11. Know the difference between 3 types of flowering plants.
12. Know the difference between male plants and female plant.
13. Know the 4 main ways seeds are dispersed.
14. Know the 3 main plant tropisms and their definitions.
Human Anatomy
1.
Know 11 human systems (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, digestive, endocrine, nervous,
respiratory, circulatory, excretory, reproductive, immune/lymphatic) & their functions
2.
Important organs & functions
- How they work
- where the organs are located in the body
3.
Specialized cells/tissues & functions
- ex) bones, tendons, ligaments, joints
4.
Be able to label the organs and structures of each system.
5.
Know the pathways/flows of fluids through the body (urine, blood, air)
6.
Know the voluntary and involuntary actions of muscles.
7.
Know how breathing occurs.
8.
Know the differences between red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets.
9.
Know the difference between passive and active immunity.
10. Know the reservoirs of diseases and how they can be spread.