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DO NOW: How did the results of World War I plant the seed of World War II? You have 3 minutes to write down your thoughts (BE SPECIFIC!!!) Objectives • Identify and define key terms/figures on the “Road to War” • Identify and understand causes of WWII EQ: When do we go to war? Agenda • Notes • Map Treaty of Versailles "The Peace Treaty of Versailles: This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for twenty years." -- Foch Treaty of Versailles • Germany not represented at the conference • Democratic Gov’t (Weimar Republic) imposed on Germany • Germany forced to pay $$$ (unrealistic) • Germany disarmed; colonies taken away • Anger and resentment! The Road To WaR… Russia Type of Gov’t/Political Ideology Leader Actions Taken Italy Germany Japan Now Do: • What is totalitarianism? • Gov’t has total control over all aspects of society (including economy) • What are the differences that you can think of between Totalitarianism and American Democracy? Totalitarianism American Democracy • What is nationalism? – belief in the superiority of one’s own nation over all others • Predict how nationalism played a role in the causes of WWII. Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag, Soviet Communist symbol Origins and Causes of WWII 1. Rise of Aggressive Dictators (Germany, Italy, Soviet Union, Japan) 2. Economic instability in Europe *caused by the effects of WWI and the Great Depression 3. Discontent over Versailles Treaty Rise of Aggressive Dictators • Economic Depression helped Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin & Tojo come to power Japanese children eating radish roots during famine German breadlines Italy’s Fascist Dictator: Benito Mussolini • What is the object in the middle of the flag? – Fasces: symbol of power from Ancient Rome What is fascism? • Radical (extreme) nationalism (state comes first!) • Individual freedoms crushed • People united under totalitarian state – How? • Calls on a common national identity, culture, ancestry • Political violence (war unites people!!!) • Gets rid of any opposition • What’s the difference between Fascism and Nazism? – Role of the “master race” Italy • Mussolini creates a Fascist Dictatorship (1919) – Promised to return security/order/glory of Ancient Rome to Italy through military conquest • Mussolini wanted to… – Rebuild nat’l pride – Get revenge (Treaty of Versailles outcome fell short of expectations; insulting) Benito Mussolini (“Il Duce”= the leader) Italy • Black Shirts – Mussolini’s private army – Tactics: violence & intimidation to put down opposition to Fascism In Germany, depression, unemployment and hard times led to a dramatic increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party. Election date Votes in millions Share May 20, 1928 0.81 2.6% September 14, 1930 6.41 18.3% July 31, 1932 13.75 37.3% November 6, 1932 11.74 33.1% March 5, 1933 17.28 43.9% Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose Germany’s Nazi Dictator: Adolf Hitler • Hitler creates Nazi party modeled after Mussolini’s Fascism • Hitler wanted to… – Unite all German speaking ppl into 1 Empire – Expand land holdings (felt Germany was entitled); Lebensraum= “living space” – Racial purification How did he do it? Hitler’s Propaganda & Violence • Capitalized on existing prejudice against Jewish people • Promised to bring order, safety, etc. – Used fear of communism, political violence, disorder to help win people over • Brown Shirts – Hitler’s private army – Used violence & intimidation against Nazi enemies Soviet Union’s Totalitarian Dictator: Joseph Stalin • Stalin wanted to… – Raise agricultural production=$$$ – Modernize industry= $$$ • Took over private land/businesses • Secret Police killed any opposition – Great Purge; – killed millions Japan’s Militaristic Prime Minister: Hideki Tojo • Militarism- powerful military; military plays strong role in politics • Tojo wanted to get land/resources for Japan – Island of Japan had limited natural resources – Willing to invade other lands