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Biology Slide 1 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Slide 2 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods What Is an Arthropod? What are the main features of arthropods? Slide 3 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods What Is an Arthropod? What Is an Arthropod? 1. have a segmented body, a tough exoskeleton made of chitin, and jointed appendages. (Arthropods include insects, crabs, centipedes, and spiders.) Slide 4 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Evolution of Arthropods Evolution of Arthropods Fossilized Trilobites 2. Led to: *fewer body segments *highly specialized appendages Slide 5 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Form and Function in Arthropods 3.Feeding (Arthropods include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. There are filter feeders, detritivores, and parasites.) *mouthparts are adapted to the type of food it eats. Slide 6 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Form and Function in Arthropods 4. Respiration Most aquatic, breathe through featherlike gills Slide 7 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Form and Function in Arthropods 5. Circulation open circulatory system. (The heart pumps blood through arteries that branch and enter the tissues. Blood collect in large sinus around the heart and re-enter it) Heart Slide 8 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Form and Function in Arthropods 6. Excretion diffusion moves wastes from the body into the surrounding water. Slide 9 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Form and Function in Arthropods Brain 7. Response a. Most have a welldeveloped nervous system. b. All arthropods have a brain that connects to a ventral nerve cord Slide 10 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods c. Most have sophisticated sense organs such as compound eyes. Form and Function in Arthropods Compound eyes (Compound eyes may have more than 2000 separate lenses and can detect color and motion very well.) Slide 11 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Form and Function in Arthropods 8. Movement well-developed groups of muscles that are coordinated and controlled by the nervous system. (Muscles generate force by contracting and then pulling on the exoskeleton.) Slide 12 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Form and Function in Arthropods (At each body joint, different muscles either flex (bend) or extend (straighten) the joint.) Flexed Extended Slide 13 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Form and Function in Arthropods 9. Reproduction Aquatic- may have internal or external fertilization. Slide 14 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Growth and Development in Arthropods What happens when an arthropod outgrows its exoskeleton? Slide 15 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Growth and Development in Arthropods Growth and Development in Arthropods 10. When they outgrow their exoskeletons, arthropods undergo periods of molting. (During molting, an arthropod sheds its entire exoskeleton and manufactures a larger one to take its place. ) Slide 16 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Growth and Development in Arthropods (Molting is controlled by the arthropod's endocrine system. Most arthropods molt several times. The arthropod is vulnerable to predators while its shell is soft.) Slide 17 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28-1 Introduction to the Arthropods Growth and Development in Arthropods (Skin glands digest the inner part of the exoskeleton, and other glands secrete a new skeleton. When the new exoskeleton is ready, the animal pulls itself out of what remains of the original skeleton.) Slide 18 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–1 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 19 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–1 The mouthparts of arthropods are a. similar in all species. b. adapted to enable different species to eat different foods. c. adapted to enable different species to respire in different ways. d. useful for locomotion as well as feeding. Slide 20 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–1 Arthropods have open circulatory systems, which means that blood a. leaves the blood vessels, flows through sinuses, and then returns to the heart. b. flows from the heart directly into sinuses and then returns to the heart. c. never leaves the circulatory system. d. vessels open to the external environment. Slide 21 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–1 Characteristics which define the arthropods include a. an endoskeleton made of chitin and jointed appendages. b. an endoskeleton made of chitin and six pairs of appendages. c. an exoskeleton made of chitin and jointed appendages. d. an exoskeleton made of chitin and Malpighian tubules. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 22 of 38 28–1 What type(s) of fertilization do terrestrial arthropods have? a. internal b. external c. both internal and external d. hermaphroditic Slide 23 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–1 What happens to the exoskeleton of an arthropod as the animal grows? a. It remains soft until the animal reaches adulthood. b. It develops additional body segments. c. It softens and stretches to a larger size. d. It is discarded and replaced by a new, larger exoskeleton. Slide 24 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION