Download Q1. The photograph shows one type of artificial heart. The diagram

Q1.
The photograph shows one type of artificial heart.
The diagram shows how this artificial heart is fitted inside the body.
Photo: www.heartreplacement.com
Diagram: www.abiomed.com/patients_families/what_is_abiocor.cfm
Read the information about this artificial heart.
The first patient to receive the heart lived for 151 days before dying from a stroke.
The second patient was given less than a 20 % change of surviving 30 days at the time
of his surgery. He lived for 512 days after receiving the heart. He died because an internal
membrane in the device wore out.
Suggest advantages and disadvantages of treating patients with this artificial heart.
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(Total 5 marks)
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Q2.
Sometimes your doctor needs to know how much blood there is in your body. To find this
out he first injects a special solution into your blood.
Some time later he takes a sample of your blood.
He can then see how much the solution has been watered down.
(a)
Put the letters A, B and C on to the diagram to show in order what the doctor does.
(3)
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3.
As they go higher up a mountain, mountaineers take less oxygen into their bodies with each
breath.
This is shown in the table below.
MILLIGRAMS OF OXYGEN
TAKEN INTO LUNGS WITH
EACH NORMAL BREATH
MILLIGRAMS OF OXYGEN
TAKEN INTO BLOOD WITH
EACH NORMAL BREATH
At bottom of
mountain
300
60
At top of
mountain
150
30
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(a)
At the top of the mountain, they only take half as much oxygen into their lungs with each
breath as they did at the bottom.
How does this affect the amount of oxygen that gets into their blood with each breath?
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(2)
(b)
Why do the cells in the mountaineers’ bodies need oxygen?
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(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q4.
Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
(a)
Give the function of platelets.
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(1)
The photograph shows a red blood cell.
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(b)
The average diameter of a real red blood cell is 0.008 millimetres.
On the photograph, the diameter of the red blood cell is 100 millimetres.
Use the formula to calculate the magnification of the photograph.
diameter on photograph = real diameter × magnification
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Magnification = ....................................
(2)
(c)
Some blood capillaries have an internal diameter of approximately 0.01 millimetres.
Use information given in part (b) to explain why only one red blood cell at a time can pass
through a capillary.
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(1)
(d)
(i)
Red blood cells transport oxygen.
Explain how oxygen is moved from the lungs to the tissues.
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(3)
(ii)
Red blood cells have no nucleus.
Explain how this feature is an adaptation to the function of red blood cells.
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(1)
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(e)
Oxygen is exchanged between the blood capillaries and the tissue.
Give two ways in which capillaries are adapted for exchanging oxygen with the tissues.
1 .....................................................................................................................
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2 .....................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q5.
The diagram shows part of the circulatory system.
(a)
Name the types of blood vessel labelled A, B and C on the diagram.
A .................................................................
B .................................................................
C .................................................................
(3)
(b)
What is the job of the circulatory system?
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(1)
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(c)
Give two ways in which the composition of blood changes as it flows through the vessels
labelled X on the diagram.
1 .................................................................................................................................
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2 .................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q6.
The diagram shows four parts of blood.
(a)
Complete the table to give the name and function of the parts labelled A, B and C.
Letter
A
Name
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Function
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B
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C
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(6)
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(b)
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin. Explain how this enables red blood cells to pick up
oxygen from the alveoli and release it to cells in other parts of the body.
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(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Q7.
Capillaries are blood vessels in the body which join the arteries to the veins. They have walls
which are one cell thick and so are able to exchange substances with the body cells.
(i)
Name two substances that travel from the muscle cells to the blood in the capillaries.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Glucose is one substance that travels from the blood in the capillaries to the body cells.
Explain how this happens.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
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M1.
advantages
•
useful where no other treatment available / patients near to death
or
•
extends lifespan
1
disadvantages
•
low success rate
1
•
device has limited lifespan
or
battery will need changing
1
•
discomfort from heart / battery / controller
1
•
risk of infection
1
[5]
M2.
(a)
B
Inject 10cm3 of the solution into the blood
C
Wait a while for the solution to mix with the blood
A
Measure the strength of the special solution in the
blood sample
for 1 mark each
3
(b)
some of the solution gets into cells/organs/kidney
some of the solution gets into urine
for 1 mark each
either way round
2
[5]
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M3.
(a)
less / low
gains 1 mark
but
(also) half as much or still one fifth of what’s breathed in
gains 2 marks
2
(b)
for energy / respiration [credit for movement / to keep warm]
[Do not allow "to live"]
for 1 mark
1
[3]
M4.
(a)
forming clot at site of wound
1
(b)
12 500
correct answer gains 2 marks
if answer incorrect,
gains 1 mark
ignore any units
2
(c)
size of RBC approximately same size as capillary
or
no room for more than one cell
or
only one can fit
or
RBC is too big
allow use of numbers
do not accept capillaries are narrow
1
(d)
(i)
in lungs oxygen diffuses (from the alveoli) into the blood
1
in the red blood cell, oxygen combines with haemoglobin,
forming oxyhaemoglobin
1
in tissues oxyhaemoglobin splits up, releasing oxygen,
which diffuses into the cells
1
(ii)
allows cell to have more haemoglobin for oxygen transport
1
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(e)
thin walls for short diffusion path
1
narrow, so have a large surface area to volume ratio
1
[10]
M5.
(a) A – artery
B – capillary
C – vein
3
(b)
transport OWTTE
1
(c)
increased oxygen decreased carbon dioxide
2
[6]
M6.
(a)
A white blood cell/leucocytes / phagocytes / lymphocytes
SEPARATE MARKING POINTS
1
make/contain antibodies/antitoxins
or
destroy/engulf/kill bacteria
do not accept fight infection
do not accept fight disease
1
B platelets
1
help clot the blood
do not accept stick together
do not accept from scabs
1
C plasma
1
carries/transports all the cells/digested food/waste products/hormones/carbon
dioxide/platelets/dissolved minerals/antibodies/antitoxins/water
allows blood to flow
1
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(b)
any four from:
(oxygen) diffuses
1
has affinity for/combines with oxygen / forms oxy-haemoglobin
do not accept absorbed
1
in areas of high oxygen concentration
n.b. ‘pick up oxygen’ is stem of question
1
in conditions of low oxygen concentration it breaks down and releases the oxygen
low oxygen concentration can be implied e.g. active muscles
1
[10]
M7.
(i)
any two from:
urea
carbon dioxide
water
lactic acid
2
(ii)
higher concentration of glucose or more glucose in blood than cells
1
diffuses across
1
[4]
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