Download The Passive Voice In Bahasa And English On The `Negeri 5 Menara

The Passive Voice In Bahasa And English On
The ‘Negeri 5 Menara’ Novel And Its
Translation (Contrastive Analysis Study)
Luluk Ulfa Hasanah
State University of Jakarta, Indonesia
[email protected]
Abstract: Qualitative research is used as a method in this research by using contrastive analysis approaches. The
result found that there are five differences and two similarities between the structure of passive voice in Bahasa and
English. The differences are (1) the sructure of passive voice in Bahasa started by affix “di-, di-i, di-kan,” and in
English started by using “tobe + V3”; (2) pattern of passive voice in English is influenced by tenses and in Bahasa, it
doesn’t need tenses at all; (3) if the type of passive voice in Bahasa is word, so its type in English is phrase; (4) the
passive voice in Bahasa can be an active sentence in English; and (5) the writing of verbs in English known as a
‘reduced’, but it doesn’t use it in Bahasa; while the similarities of both are the subject subjected to the job and
object does the work. So, the study of contrastive analysis carried out in order to contribute the process of learning a
second language and translation studies.
Key Words: Passive Voice, Contrastive Analysis, Translation
Introduction
In a survival, learn a language is very important. Especially when there are many problems in
learning a second language (L2) which is have a different phonetic symbol than a first language (L1). The
differences of phonetic symbol between one language and another language is caused by characteristics of
language itself. It is a different from the other languages besides, there are similarities between them. The
aim of this research are to find out the differences and similarities of two languages or it defines as a
contrastive analysis study. James (1980: 3) defined anakon or contrastive analysis study as a linguistic
enterprise aimed at producing inverted (i.e. contrastive, not comparative) two-valued typologies (a CA is
always concerned with a pair of languages), and founded on the assumption that languages can be
compared.
Later, the results of this study is used to solve practical problems related to the teaching of
language and translation. In the language teaching, it is used as a notion in predicting learning difficulties
faced by the learner of the second language. Meanwhile, in translation, it is used for translators to make it
easier to determine diction during the translation process takes place.
Methodology
Qualitative research is used as a method in this study by using contrastive analysis approaches. It
means, this study describes the differences and similarities of passive voice in Bahasa and English on the
‘Negeri 5 Menara’ Novel and its translation. Methods and techniques of data provision is the ‘simak
bebas libat cakap’ method (Sudaryanto, 1993: 134-135). This method is chosen by the reason for the
research carried out without interview. The sampling technique is used as a data collection technique in
this study.
The researcher does some procedures in this study, namely: 1) reading the data source entirely, 2)
collecting data in the passive voice form of Bahasa and English, 3) numbering data, 4) analyzing the
differences and similarities of passive voice in Bahasa and English , and 5) making the conclusion. The
data in this study is the ‘Negeri 5 Menara’ Novel and The ‘Land of Five Towers’. They are the population
study. However, the study sample is limited to the first and second subtitle of the novel. In addition, the
instruments used in this study are a stationery, novel, laptops, and researcher as a human instrument.
Findings
The passive voice is a sentence in which the subject is subjected to the job and as a patient. The
passive voice is the opposite of active sentence. If subject in the active sentence does the job, so it is
subjected to the job or deed in the passive voice. The forms of passive voice in Bahasa is a verb or
predicate with a prefix ‘di-’ or ‘ter-’, example is in the word ‘dibawa’, ‘terbeli’, etc.
In Bahasa, there is a form of transitive passive voice that known as the inverse of the
transitive active sentence with the characteristics of the structure as follows.
a. The passive verb of persona form is the opposite of ‘meN-’ form.
b. The passive verb of ‘ter-’ and ‘ke-an’ form aren’t the opposite from ‘meN-’ form.
It means that the characteristic structure of passive voice in Bahasa is a sentence’s verb that begins with
the prefix di-, ter-, and ke-an. The verb that beginning with the prefix di- is the opposite of active verb
that begins with Men-.
In English, the passive voice is a form of predicate which indicates that the subject of the sentence
subjects to action. It has a basic pattern which is tobe + V3. The pattern will be greatly influenced by the
time period. This is because of the general pattern of the sentence in English language is bound by time,
whether present, past tense, and future. Forms of passive sentences based tenses in English, as follows.
Present
Past
Future
Table 1. The Passive Voice Formula in English
Tenses
Passive Formula
Simple present tense
S + be1 (is, am, are) + V3
Present continuous tense
S + be1 (is, am, are) + being + V3
Present perfect tense
S + have/has + been +V3
Present perfect continuous tense
S + have/has + been + being + V3
Simple past tense
S + be2 (was/were) + V3
Past continuous tense
S + be2 (was/were) + being + V3
Past perfect tense
S + had + been + V3
Past perfect continuous tense
S + had + been + being + V3
Simple future tense
S + will/shall + be + V3
Future continuous tense
S + will/shall + be + being + V3
Future perfect tense
S + will/shall + have + been + V3
S + will/shall + have + been + being +
Future perfect continuous tense
V3
Based on the data collected, there are 23 data shows the use of the passive voice. In addition, there are
some differences and similarities of using of passive voice in Bahasa and English. The differences are as
follows.
1. The sructure of passive voice in Bahasa started by affix ‘di-, di-i, di-kan’, and in English started by
using ‘tobe + V3’.
Table 2. Data
Data
Bahasa
English
Number
Tapi aku selalu terpesona melihat But, I’m always amazed by the
7
bangunan, pohon, taman dan kota buildings, parks and city covered in
11
15
diselimuti salju putih berkilat-kilat.
Jantungku seperti ditabuh cepat.
Perutku terasa dingin.
Amak memang dibesarkan dengan
latar agama yang kuat.
shimmering white snow.
My heart drummed quickly, my
stomach felt cold.
Amak had been brought up with a
strong religious background.
On the data 7, it appears that the sentence is a passive voice which is characterized by the use of the
verb ‘diselimuti’, the word ‘selimut’ that get prefix ‘di-i’. In English, the passive voice ‘diselimuti’ is
translated as ‘covered’. This translation results indicate that in English it occurs disappearancing
adverb clause known as reduced. So even with the data 11 and 15.
2. Pattern of passive voice in English is influenced by tenses and in Bahasa it doesn’t need tenses at all.
Table 3. Data
Data
Number
13
Bahasa
English
Kepalanya selalu ditutup songkok dan Her head was always covered with a
di lehernya tergantung selendang.
colorful scarf.
In the above data shows that the passive verb ‘ditutup’ in Bahasa is translated as ‘was covered’ in
English. This indicates that passive voice in English is influenced by the time period by using tobe
‘was’ in that. It means, the sentence is a sentence type in the past.
3. If the type of passive voice in Bahasa is word, so its type in English is phrase.
Table 4. Data
Data
Number
15
Bahasa
English
Amak memang dibesarkan dengan Amak had been brought up with a
latar agama yang kuat.
strong religious background.
The data 15 shows that passive voice in Bahasa formed a word. But when it is translated into English
its form is phrase. It means, passive voice in English using the time, so it is necessary to add ‘to be’
before an active verb.
4. The passive voice in Bahasa can be an active sentence in English.
Table 5. Data
Data
Number
22
Bahasa
English
Sore itu pintu kayu kamar diketuk dua That evening, there were two knocks
kali.
on the wooden door.
On the Data 22, passive verb ‘diketuk’ does not translate into a passive verb in TL (Target Language).
However it translates to the phrase ‘there were two knocks’ which means there are two beats.
Certainly a translator has a reason why there are some words that are not translated in accordance
with SL (Source Language). One reason for it is translation done more acceptable within the structure
of TL, namely English. The most important of this translation process is not subtract or add the
meaning that contained in the text of SL.
5. The writing of verbs in English known as a ‘reduced’, but it doesn’t use it in Bahasa.
Table 6. Data
Data
Number
12
Bahasa
English
Wajahnya sekurus badannya, dengan Her face was as thin as her body with a
sepasang mata yang bersih yang pair of clear eyes shaded by thick
dinaungi alis tebal.
eyebrows.
At this data shows that the passive voice in English experiencing reduce. This is shown by the using
V3 which is not preceded by tobe. As well known, if the using it has a formula tobe + V3.
Meanwhile, the similarities found in the passive voice of Bahasa and English are the subject of the
sentence is subjected to the job and the object of the sentence does the work.
Conclusions
Contrastive analysis research is very important to do. Because it can used to help second language
learners, and also can be used for the study of translation. In this study found 5 differences of passive
voice in Bahasa and English. The fifth of those are (1) the sructure of passive voice in Bahasa started by
affix “di-, di-i, di-kan,” and in English started by using “tobe + V3”, (2) pattern of passive voice in
English is influenced by tenses and in Bahasa it doesn’t need tenses at all, (3) if the type of passive voice
in Bahasa is word, so its type in English is phrase, (4) the passive voice in Bahasa can be an active
sentence in English, and (5) the writing of verbs in English known as a ‘reduced’, but it doesn’t use it in
Bahasa. While, it is found two similarities for them, which are the subject subjected to the job and object
does the work. So that, it is needed a relating study cause contrastive analysis study has not been done.
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