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TISSUES: The Living Fabric Tissue - a group cells similar in structure and function Histology - the study of tissues; requires a light microscope to examine EMBRYONIC GERM LAYERS • Endoderm - functional linings of the digestive and respiratory tract; accessory organs and glands such as lungs, stomach, pancreas • Mesoderm - skeletal system, muscular system, and circulatory system • Ectoderm - epidermis of the skin and all components of the nervous system PRINCIPLE TISSUE TYPES PRINCIPLE TISSUE TYPES Epithelial Tissue LOCATIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE – Epithelia=forms sheets or layers of cells that line the body tubes, cavities, or coverings of the body surfaces. – Glands=formed of epithelial cells with secretory functions. LOCATIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES • Polarity CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES • Polarity • Supported by a basal lamina CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES • Polarity • Supported by a basal lamina • Cellularity CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES • • • • • • Polarity Supported by a basal lamina Cellularity Avascular Highly innervated Rapid regeneration FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES NAMING EPITHELIAL TISSUE DIVERSITY OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Squamous Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Stratified Columnar Epithelium Transitional Epithelium GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM • Endocrine glands= “ductless” glands that produce hormones. Secrete directly into interstitial fluids or bloodstream. Examples: pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, etc. • Exocrine glands=glands possessing ducts. Exocrine glands secret their substance either on the body surfaces or within ducts. Exocrine Glands Unicellular Exocrine Glands Multicellular Exocrine Glands Multicellular Exocrine Glands Connective Tissue LOCATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE • Most abundant tissue in the body. • Never exposed to the outside environment. CHARACTERISTICS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES • Common Origin ORIGIN OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES CHARACTERISTICS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES • Common Origin • Connective tissues vary widely in appearance and function but all forms share three basic components: • Specialized cells • Extracellular protein fibers • Ground substance CHARACTERISTICS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES CHARACTERISTICS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES • Common Origin • Connective tissues vary widely in appearance and function but all forms share three basic components. • Many types of connective tissue are highly vascular and contain sensory receptors that detect pain, pressure, temperature, and other stimuli. FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DIVERSITY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER • Loose Connective Tissue • Areolar • Adipose • Reticular • Dense Connective Tissue • Dense regular • Dense Irregular • Elastic Loose Connective Tissues • Areolar • Adipose • Reticular Areolar Tissue Adipose Tissue Reticular Tissue Dense Connective Tissue • Dense Regular • Dense Irregular • Elastic Dense Regular Dense Irregular Elastic Tissue LIQUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE • Blood • Lymph Blood Lymph SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUES • Cartilage • Hyaline cartilage • Elastic cartilage • Fibrous cartilage • Bone (Osseous Tissue) • Compact • Spongy Cartilage • Hyaline cartilage • Elastic cartilage • Fibrous cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrous Cartilage Osseous Tissue • Compact bone • Spongy bone Compact versus Spongy Bone Compact Bone Compact Bone Cartilage versus Bone MEMBRANES MEMBRANES MUCOUS MEMBRANES SEROUS MEMBRANES CUTANEOUS MEMBRANES SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES