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1. The book says: Sediment is small, solid, pieces of material that come from rocks or living things. In addition to particles of rock, sediment may include shells, bones, leaves, stems, and other remains of living things. 4. The book says: Eventually, the moving water, wind, or ice slows and deposits the sediment in layers. Deposition is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it. Ms. Krupa says: Ms. Krupa says: Sediment is small pieces of nonliving (rocks) and living (shells, bones, leaves, stems, etc.) things. Deposition is when the sediment stops moving and is DEPOSITED somewhere else. 2. The book says: Sedimentary rocks form when sediment is deposited by water and wind. Most sedimentary rocks are formed through a series of processes: erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation. Ms. Krupa says: Water and wind help make sedimentary rock. There are 4 steps to creating sedimentary rock. 3. The book says: Destructive forces are constantly breaking up and wearing away, or weathering, all the rocks on Earth’s surface. These forces include heat and cold, rain, waves, and grinding ice. In erosion, running water, wind, or ice loosen and carry away fragments of rock. 5. The book says: The process that presses sediments together is compaction. Thick layers of sediment build up gradually over millions of years. These heavy layers press down on the layers beneath them. Ms. Krupa says: Compaction is when the layers of sediment are pressed together by the weight of the layers above. 6. The book says: While compaction is taking place, the minerals in the rock slowly dissolve in the water. Cementation is the processes in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together. Ms. Krupa says: Cementation happens when Weathering is when rock is minerals dissolve (break broken down into sediment. down) and crystallize (reharden), gluing particles of Erosion is when water, sediment together. Ms. Krupa says: wind, or ice carry away that sediment. 7. The book says: A clastic rock is a sedimentary rock that forms when fragments are squeezed together. Clastic rocks are grouped by the size of the rock fragments, or particles, of which they are made. Common clastic rocks include shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia. 9. The book says: When minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize, chemical rock forms. For example, limestone can form when calcite is dissolved in lakes, seas, or underground water comes out of solution and forms crystals. This kind of limestone is considered a chemical rock. Ms. Krupa says: Ms. Krupa says: Clastic rocks like shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia are formed when sediment is squeezed together. Chemical rocks (precipitate rocks) form from chemical reactions that produce crystals. 8. The book says: Organic rock forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited into thick layers. The term “organic” refers to substances that once were part of living things or were made by living things. Ms. Krupa says: Organic means living or once-living. Organic rock, like coal, is made from plant and animal remains. 10. The book says: People have used sedimentary rocks throughout history for many different purposes, including building materials and tools. For example, people made arrowheads out of flint for thousands of years. Flint is s hard rock, yet it can be shaped to a point. The White House in Washington, D.C., is built out of sandstone. Builders today use sandstone and limestone on the outside walls of buildings. Ms. Krupa says: Like igneous rock, sedimentary rock is also a very useful resource.