Download europe, 1945

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B
C
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EUROPE, 1945
MAJOR OPERATIONS OF
WORLD WAR TWO
N O R W AY
NORTH
SEA
N
0
100
200
300
SWEDEN
Stockholm
I
Germany invades Low Countries, 10 May
Italy declares war on Great Britain & France,
10 June
A
France signs armistice with Germany, 22 June
Smolensk
(June 1944-Feb. 1945)
London
EISENHOWER
IA
U.S. declares war on Japan after attack on
Pearl Harbor, 8 Dec.
N
R ho
ne
44
ne
-M
a
AD
RI
94
C
4-M
ay
SE
River
Danube
Sofia
Salerno, 1943
Sevastopol
Yalta
194
5)
Bucharest
5)
A
Naples
ROMANIA
19
4
YUGOSLAVIA
AT
I
Germany & Italy declare war on U.S., 11 Dec.
S
AL
H
B L A C K
T
City or Town
Allies
National Capital
Axis
Neutral Countries
National Boundaries
U
Bizerte
E
Y
Battle of Tunis, 7 May
1943
Tunis, 1944
Allies land at Salerno,10 July
Allies land at Anzio, 22 Jan.
DODECANESE ISLAND
(ITALY)
CYPRUS
CRETE
TUNISIA
Allies invade Normandy, 6 June (D-Day)
(GREAT BRITAIN)
(FRANCE)
M E D I T E R R A N E A N
Mareth, 1943
1944
S E A
Tripoli
4
Allied Advance (Soviet)
B
S
A
H
I
A
I
T
R
B
A
A
L
Y
Y
E
A
)
C
G
Y
P
D
E
S
E
R
T
Yalta Conference, 4-11 Feb.
T
D
Paris liberated, 25 Aug.
Battle of the Bulge, 16 Dec.- 7 Feb. Last
significant German offensive
Cairo
(
Soviets push Germans into Poland, mid-July
Polish Resistance revolts against Germans in
Warsaw, Aug.-Oct.
Tobruk, 1942
Benghazi
L
Axis forces in N. Africa surrender, 13 May
Battle of Kursk, 4 July-1 Aug.
Allies land at Sicily, 10 July
Italians secretly surrender, 3 Sept.
Sicily Invasion, 1943
Allied Advance (American & British)
A
K
AEGEAN
SEA
Axis Controlled (Max. Extent)
Battle Site
Axis Advance
R
Battle of El Alamein, 23 Oct.
Allied troops land at Morocco & Algeria,
8 Nov.
3
Istanbul
River
4
1942
S E A
Palermo
Kasserine Pass, 1943
( F R A N C E )
Battle of Stalingrad, 23 Aug.-2 Feb. 1943
BULGARIA
GREECE
Bone
Seige of Leningrad, 8 Sept.- Jan. 1944 700,00
deaths estimated
IN
UG
T
1941
TA
RT
PA
N
19
R i ve r
CORSICA
ALEXA
N
(Nov. 1942-Ma DER
y 19
43)
A L G E R I A
Germany invades U.S.S.R., 22 June
U.S.S.R & Great Britain sign mutal aid pact,
13 July
2
MALTA
( F R A N C E )
German airborne assault on Crete, 20 May
Kharkov
Kiev
U
PO
R
(GREAT BRITAIN)
M O R O C C O
Rommel’s 1st offensive, 31 March
Germany invades Greece & Yugoslavia, 6 Apr.
O
Po
Trieste
St. Tropez, 1944
ANDORRA
FREDENALL
(Nov. 1942)
ly
(Ju
NIA
Safi
Algiers
A
HUNGARY
(Ju
CLARK
(Jan.-May 1945)
Rome
Oran
C
ALBA
CO
44)
e 19
D1943-Jun
Battle of Britain, July-10 Oct.
1st peacetime draft law in U.S. history, Sept.
Wavell’s 1st Libyan offensive, 9 Dec.7 Feb., 1941
Kursk, 1943
Lvov
y1
M
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IN
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N
44-M
ay 1
945)
Budapest
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Rive
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AUSTRIA
S
Anzio, 1943
RYDER
(Nov. 1942)
A
Vienna
Belgrade
.
L
Gomel
1940
U N I O N
M
N
TAI
UN
MO
PS
AL
PATCH
(Aug.-Sept. 1944)
ES
MT N
S
O
(Ju
(S
Port Lyautey
Auschweitz
CZ
EC
HO
SLO
VAKIA
DEVERS
(Sept. 1944May 1945)
Munich
SARDINIA
(Great Britain)
r
ve
Prague
ITALY
Gibraltar
P
(Jun
e 19
Battle of the Bulge
S P A I N
ISH
r
ve
Torgau
Remagen
4)
ec. 194
Brest (July 1943-D
Warsaw
(Dec. 194
4-May 1
945)
Ri
G E R M A N Y
S O V I E T
Minsk
Vi
stu
la
Von Rundstedt Berlin
(Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945)
SWITZERLAND
Lyons
Madrid
SP
AN
e
Ri
Vichy
PY
RE
NE
(Gdansk)
ver
Ri
)
Y
ER 1945
OM May
G
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MON . 1944
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(Au BRADLE 44Paris
. 19
(Aug 945)
1
May
LA
ER
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BELGIUM
Elb
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The breakout from the Normandy beach head took place in
July 1944, and the offensive continued using General
Eisenhower’s “broad front” strategy. Attempts to breach
the German Siegfried Line blunted the Allied offensive.
The Germans then launched an offensive - the ensuing
fight being the “Battle of the Bulge” - through the thinly
held Ardennes Forest in December 1944. The Allies
halted the German offensive in January 1945 and
continued the attack, crossing the Rhine River in March
1945 and encircling the Ruhr area
in April
From
Great1945.
Britain
This resulted, along with the Soviet pressure from the
east, in the German collapse and surrender on 8 May 1945.
Hamburg
Amsterdam
in
Rh
(June 1944)
EAST
PRUSSIA
(GER.)
Danzig
GREAT BRITAIN
F R A N C E
NORMANDY LANDING
Roosevelt and Churchill decided at the Trident Conference (May
1943) to conduct a major cross-Channel invasion of Europe in June 1944.
General Eisenhower was designated to command Operation OVERLORD.
The greatest amphibious assault yet known to history began on the
Normandy coast in complete tactical surprise on D-Day, 6 June 1944. To
protect Eisenhower’s flank, the U.S. Seventh Army landed in southern
France (Operation DRAGOON) on 15 August 1944.
Mazagan
Casablanca
A T V
Germany invades Poland, 1 Sept.
Great Britain & France declare war on
Germany, 3 Sept.
Germany invades Denmark & Norway, 9 Apr.
Memel L I T H U A N I A
Copenhagen
ITALIAN LANDINGS
Operation HUSKY the invasion of Sicily, began on 9 July
1943, and after that island was cleared, the mainland of Italy
was assaulted on 3 Sept. 1943. Allied forces continued to
A T
A upNthe T
I C
O until
C 2EMay
A 1945.
N
“slog”
theirLway
Italian
peninsula
Amphibious operations at Salerno and at Anzio were
attempts to outflank the Germans in Italy.
From U.S.
PATTON (Nov. 1942)
1
SE
A
LT
IC
DENMARK
Riga
L
BA
IRELAND
NORTH AFRICA
The Americans wanted to invade continental Europe in 1943, but
this idea was deemed premature and was cancelled in favor of an
Allied invasion of French North Africa. Operation TORCH consisted
of three task forces which landed on 8 November 1942. Moving east,
these forces linked up with General Montgomery’s Eighth Army in
English Channel
Apr. 1943, becoming 18th Army Group under the overall command Normandy Invasion,
of General Alexander. By 12 May 1943 this unit had forced the
D-Day, 6 June 1944
surrender of all Axis forces in North Africa
3
19
Sept.
1939
ESTONIA
World War II began in Europe on 1 September
1939 with Germany invading Poland. U.S.
involvement started on 11 Dec. 1941, only four
days after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, when
Germany and Italy unexpectedly declared war on
the U.S. British Prime Minister Churchill met
with President Roosevelt in Washington D.C.
22 Dec. 1941-Jan. 1942, and decided to defeat
Germany first.
THE BREAKOUT
ec.
.-D
(Jan
HISTORY DEPARTMENT
USMA
Frank Martini
WORLD WAR TWO IN EUROPE
2
Leningrad
44)
Helsinki
400
SCALE OF MILES
TIMELINE
FINLAND
Oslo
le
Ni
1
A
R
S ED
E
A
June
1945
Soviets launch attack on Berlin, 16 April
Hitler commits suicide 30 Apr.
Germany surrenders, WWII in Europe ends,
7 May