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STANDARD WHII.6f The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries by f) describing the expansion of the arts, philosophy, literature, and new technology. Scientific Revolution Enlightenment (Age of Reason) Absolutism English Civil War Restoration & the Glorious Revolution French Revolution The Influence of the Age of Revolutions Essential Understandings The sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries brought many changes in the arts, literature, and political philosophy. The Age of Reason witnessed inventions and innovations in technology that stimulated trade and transportation. The Enlightenment had side effects! Cultural Effects! The sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries brought many changes in the arts, literature, and political philosophy. The “Age of Reason” witnessed inventions and innovations in technology that stimulated trade and transportation. Many new composers (musicians), artists, philosophers, and writers popped up with brand new styles. New forms of music were created! Johann Sebastian Bach: composer German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist who created sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments His style of music was called Baroque Johann Sebastian Bach: composer German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist who created sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments His style of music was called Baroque Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Classical composer He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers. He composed over 600 works Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Classical composer He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers. He composed over 600 works New ideas of government evolved Voltaire: Philosopher New forms of literature evolved, such as the novel New forms of literature evolved, such as the novel Novel A book dedicated to telling a story Miguel de Cervantes: Novelist Cervantes wrote the book Don Quixote It has been considered one of the greatest books ever written Miguel de Cervantes: Novelist It is a story of a man who is a little crazy and fights windmills! Painting depicted classical subjects, public events, natural scenes, and living people (portraits). Eugène Delacroix: Painter (transition to the Romantic School of painting) La liberté guidant le peuple Eugène Delacroix: Painter (transition to the Romantic School of painting) La liberté guidant le peuple « Liberty leading the people » Eugène Delacroix: Painter (transition to the Romantic School of painting) Hamlet New technologies were invented New technologies were invented •All-weather roads improved year round transport and trade. New technologies were invented •Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport. New technologies were invented •A new Agricultural Revolution! New technologies were invented •A new Agricultural Revolution! • Enclosure System New technologies were invented •A new Agricultural Revolution! • Enclosure System • It used to be that many people had access to the same land • This was not healthy for the land and wasteful • Enclosing the land allowed for much greater efficiency New technologies were invented •A new Agricultural Revolution! • Enclosure System • It used to be that many people had access to the same land • This was not healthy Enclosure System for the land and wasteful • Enclosing thethe land land, trust it to one person, Fence off allowed for much greater and theefficiency fields could be put to better use. New technologies were invented •A new Agricultural Revolution! •Selective Breeding - mating two animals with particularly desirable characteristics New technologies were invented •A new Agricultural Revolution! •Three-field crop rotation allows for the replenishment of soil nutrients • Two fields planted • One field left empty New technologies were invented •A new Agricultural Revolution! • New designs in farm tools increased productivity. New technologies were invented •A new Agricultural Revolution! • New designs in farm tools increased productivity. • Mechanization • Jethro Tull • Invented a mechanical seeder • Redesigned the horse drawn plough • Invention of steam powered ploughs Essential Questions Who were some composers, artists, philosophers, and writers of the period? What improved technologies and institutions were important to European economies?