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Appendix III: Acronyms, chemical symbols, scientific units III.1 Acronyms and chemical symbols ACIA AIDS AMO AOGCM AR4 ARD CCS CDM CH4 CO2 CRU DJF ECLAC ENSO EROS ES EU FAO FAQ FAR GCM GDP GHCN GHG GLOF GNP GPCC GPCP HABs HIV IIASA IPCC IPO IUCN JJA LIA LULUCF MARA/ARMA MDG MOC N2O NAM Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation Atmosphere–ocean general circulation model Fourth Assessment Report (of the IPCC) Afforestation, reforestation and deforestation Carbon capture and storage Clean Development Mechanism Methane, see Glossary Carbon dioxide, see Glossary Climatic Research Unit December, January, February Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean El Niño–Southern Oscillation Earth Resources Observation and Science Executive Summary European Union Food and Agriculture Organization Frequently Asked Questions First Assessment Report (of the IPCC) General circulation model Gross domestic product Global Historical Climatology Network Greenhouse gas(es) Glacial lake outburst flood Gross national product Global Precipitation Climatology Centre Global Precipitation Climatology Project Harmful algal blooms Human immunodeficiency virus International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (World Conservation Union) June, July, August Little Ice Age Land use, land-use change and forestry Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa/Atlas du Risque de la Malaria en Afrique Millennium Development Goal Meridional overturning circulation Nitrous oxide, see Glossary Northern Annular Mode NAO NASA NGO NH OECD PCBs PDO PDR PDSI pH PNA ppm PREC/L PSA SAM SAR SD SI SIDS SLE SM SOI SPCZ SPM SRES SST SWE SYR TAR TS UK UN UNDP UNFCCC UNICEF US$ USA WCP WGI WGII WGIII WHO WSP North Atlantic Oscillation National Aeronautics and Space Administration Non-governmental organisation Northern Hemisphere Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Polychlorinated biphenyls Pacific Decadal Oscillation People’s Democratic Republic Palmer Drought Severity Index See Glossary under pH Pacific–North American (pattern) Parts per million, see Appendix III.2 Precipitation Reconstruction over Land Pacific–South American (pattern) Southern Annular Mode Second Assessment Report (of the IPCC) Standard deviation Suitability index Small Island Developing States Sea-level equivalent Supplementary Material Southern Oscillation Index South Pacific Convergence Zone Summary for Policymakers Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Sea surface temperature Snow water equivalent Synthesis Report (of the IPCC Fourth Assessment) Third Assessment Report (of the IPCC) Technical Summary United Kingdom United Nations United Nations Development Programme United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations Children’s Fund United States dollar United States of America World Climate Programme Working Group I (of the IPCC) Working Group II (of the IPCC) Working Group III (of the IPCC) World Health Organization Water safety plan 183 Appendix III: Acronyms, chemical symbols, scientific units III.2 Scientific units SI (Système Internationale) units Physical quantity Name of unit length mass time thermodynamic temperature energy metre kilogram second kelvin joule Fraction Symbol Multiple Prefix Fractions and multiples Prefix 10 deci d 10-2 centi c 10-3 milli m 10-6 micro µ 10-9 nano n 10-12 pico p 10-15 femto f 10-18 atto a -1 ppm watt yr 184 m kg s K J 10 deca 102 hecto 103 kilo 106 mega 109 giga 1012 tera 1015 peta 1018 exa Non-SI units, quantities and related abbreviations °C Symbol Symbol da h k M G T P E degree Celsius (0°C = 273 K approximately); temperature differences are also given in °C (=K) rather than the more correct form of “Celsius degrees” mixing ratio (as concentration measure of GHGs): parts per million (106) by volume power or radiant flux; 1 watt = 1 joule / second = 1 kg m2 / s3 year