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10/24/2011 Producers and Consumers Autotrophs (self-feeders): •Make their own organic matter from inorganic nutrients. Heterotrophs (other-feeders): (other feeders): •Organisms that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones. Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere Sunlight energy enters ecosystem C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2 (Oxygen) CO2 (Carbon dioxide) + H2O (water) Photosynthesis Cellular respiration ATP drives cellular work Heat energy exits ecosystem Photosynthesis Photosynthesis: • Is used by plants, some protists, and some bacteria • Transforms light energy into chemical energy • Uses carbon dioxide and water as starting materials Light energy 6 CO2 6 H2O Carbon dioxide Water C6H12O6 Photosynthesis Glucose 6 O2 Oxygen gas 1 10/24/2011 Photosynthesis – Organisms that use photosynthesis are: • Photosynthetic autotrophs • The producers for most ecosystems PHOTOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHS Photosynthetic Protists (aquatic) Photosynthetic Bacteria (aquatic) LM Plants (mostly on land) Forest plants Kelp, a large alga Micrograph of cyanobacteria Photosynthesis found b/w lower and upper epidermis Photosynthesis CO2 H 2O Light Chloroplast NADP+ ADP P Light reactions Calvin cycle ATP NADPH O2 Sugar (C6H12O6) 2 10/24/2011 Photosynthesis *photon *Photons are absorbed by pigment molecules Why Green? Light Reflected light Chloroplast Absorbed light Transmitted light Light-harvesting complexes of the thylakoid membrane 3 10/24/2011 Electron Flow Organization of light reaction machinery Chemiosmosis: A Comparison 4 10/24/2011 Calvin cycle (Carbon Fixation) Photosynthesis Alternative Pathways ALTERNATIVE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS CAM Pathway C4 Pathway (example: sugarcane) (example: pineapple) Cell type 1 CO2 Four-carbon compound Cell type 2 CO2 Night Four-carbon compound CO2 CO2 Calvin cycle Calvin cycle Sugar C4 plant Day Sugar CAM plant 5