Download Do Now - White Plains Public Schools

World War II
US Conflict with Japan
SWBAT:
•explain events that led to conflict
between Japan and the US
Do Now: What is the difference
between isolationism and
neutrality?
Japan & US Conflict
• How did the US practice
discriminatory
immigration policies
toward Japan?
• The US also
implemented state &
local restrictions against
Japanese Americans
Japan & US Conflict
• Japan’s ambitions led to an invasion
of China in 1937, violating the Open
Door Policy
Japan & US Conflict
• The Panay Incident, 1937Japanese planes bombed
& sank American
gunboat, Panay, stationed
in China
- several Americans killed
- Japan apologized & paid
damages, but hostility
grew
Japan & US Conflict
• Japan allied with Germany & Italy in
1937
- AKA “Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis”
Japan & US Conflict
• Japan annexed French Indo-China
(Vietnam) in 1940
Japan & US Conflict
• Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on
December 7, 1941
“a day that would live in infamy”
- FDR
Timeline
• 1935- “Cash-and-Carry”Congress prevented any
loans to nations at war;
sale of any goods were
on a “cash-and-carry”
basis
Timeline
• 1935-1937: US passed Neutrality Acts
- US would withhold weapons, loans,
and $ from any nation at war
(what idea does this exhibit?)
- US citizens traveling on ships
belonging to nations at war, did so at
their own risk!
Timeline
• 1937- 94% of population wanted to
remain neutral
• 1939 (start of WWII)- Americans had
3 different views:
1. US should fight with allies
2. US should provide aid, NOT
soldiers to allies
3. US should remain strictly neutral
Timeline
• 1940- American
Government began
to quietly prepare:
1. Built more planes
2. More $ to Navy
3. Began Manhattan
Projectdevelopment of
the atomic bomb
Timeline
• 1940- Peacetime
enlistment- men 21-35
had to register for 1 year
of military service
• 1940- FDR wins 3rd term
as President
Timeline
- FDR proposed (Congress passed 1941)
the Lend-Lease Act: The President has
the power to sell, transfer, lend, lease
arms & equipment to “any country
whose defense the President deems vital
to the US”  Britain & China; also placed
an embargo (bans) & sanctions on the
sale of oil, gasoline & scrap iron to Japan
 US became “Arsenal of Democracy”
Timeline
• 1941- Germany began attacking
American vessels
- Regardless, Americans wanted to
avoid war
- 12/7/41: Japan bombed Pearl Harbor
- FDR declared war the following day
- 3 days later Italy & Germany declared
war on the United States
Knowledge Check
• What event in the nation’s history
caused the government to be wary
of America’s involvement in ocean
trade & travel?
“Four Freedoms”
• FDR, now opposed to
isolationism more than
ever, explained the
“four freedoms” of
mankind, which
became the justification
behind US participation
in WWII
Wrap Up
• In what sense was the United States
“involved” in World War II before the
Pearl Harbor attack and the
Congressional declaration of war in
December 1941?
WWII: Home Front
SWBAT:
•Explain moral issues that grew
from minorities' wartime
experiences
Do Now
• What groups found themselves in
completely different roles once the
US entered WWII?
Minorities on the Home Front
WOMEN
- Served roles in the military at home bases,
WAC- Women’s Army Corps
- Filled industry positions men had before
going to war
- “Rosie the Riveter”
 Trend in women working outside the home
-Happy to work, gained confidence, created
new opportunities to earn $ & independence
-Had to leave jobs for returning veterans
Rosie the Riveter Song
Minorities on the Home Front
AFRICAN AMERICANS
- Great Migration met discrimination &
inequality in the North  “Double V”
- Increase in membership of civil rights
organizations
- Employment in war industries (Exec. Order
8802)
- Limited to support roles in segregated
military units
 Tuskegee Airmen, few integrated units
Minorities on the Home Front
MEXICAN AMERICANS
-Bracero program- Mexicans to work on US
farms  discriminated against & faced
inequalities, but had equal rights under the
law
-Zoot Suit Riots- sailors & police looked for
& attacked Mexican-American youths in LA
-Good enough to defend the country, but
not good enough to live here
Minorities on the Home Front
NATIVE AMERICANS
- Brought closer to mainstream
American life
- Served as “code-talkers” to transmit
messages: Japanese could not decipher
NA’s language
- Employed in war industries, many
chose not to return to their reservation
when the war ended
-Code Talkers Documentary I (9 min)
Minorities on the Home Front
JAPANESE AMERICANS
- Faced anti-Japanese sentiment
- Japanese on West Coast forced to leave homes
 imprisoned in US military zones guarded by
troops (Exec. Order 9066)
- Korematsu v. US: US Supreme Court upheld forced
evacuation as “reasonable” in wartime
-Nisei Soldiers fought honorably for the US in
WWII
- 1988- given payment for losses during
internment
Your
Task…
• What moral/ethical issues grew from minorities' wartime
experiences?
• How did WWII alter lives of women on the Home Front?
• How do FDR’s “Four Freedoms” contrast to the treatment of
minorities during WWII?
• How would you explain why membership of the NAACP grew
during the war years?
• How did the US defend its internment of Japanese Americans?
Explain another example of internment of a minority group in
history. Give an example in in world history, when rights of
citizens have been restricted in wartime.
• 4 Corners: MUST be able to defend your answer.
- How do you feel about FDR’s decision to intern Japanese
Americans during WWII?
- How do you feel about the government’s decision to force
women from their jobs to make room for men who returned from
war?
Why Were Japanese
Americans Interned
During WWII?
SWBAT
• Explain why Japanese-Americans were
interned during WWII
Do Now: Review your homework and
timeline with your partner & discuss…
• What were some reasons for internment
offered in the newsreel?
• How does the newsreel portray
internment? positive or negative?
• Who do you think the audience was for this
newsreel?
Activity
• In pairs, read the documents and
complete the corresponding sections
of the Graphic Organizer
Wrap Up: Complete the questions at
the bottom of your Graphic Organizer
when you are finished
*Use evidence from the documents
to support your responses!*
Japanese Internment
• Read the “Notice to Japanese Americans”
& answer the questions that follow with a
partner
HOMEWORK
• Read “Women in the Wartime
Workplace” & “Mother, when will you
stay home again?” complete all
questions on a SEPARATE piece of
paper
• Saturday Evening Post, 1944
Questions:
1. What role does the
child play in the
advertisement?
2. What purposes are
served by placing
the father/husband
in the military?
3. How would the
wartime experience
of the mother/wife
contribute to her
postwar life
according to the ad?
Your Task
• “Japanese Relocation” & answer the
questions that follow
• Read “Korematsu v. United States,
1944” & complete questions 1-5
Mobilization
for War
SWBAT: Explain how the
U.S. mobilized for WWII
Do Now
• Explain a current moral issue that has
arisen within our military:
- killing civilians in an enemy nation
- use of drones
- how to treat detained POWs
- benefits offered to veterans of war
- “don’t ask, don’t tell” (DADT)
- women in direct military combat
Mobilization for War
• War Productions
Board- converted
peacetime
industries to war
good industries
Ex- Typewriting 
Machine Guns
Cars  Bombers
Mobilization for War
• Office of War
Mobilization & Office
of Price Administration
- Both regulated labor, fix
wages, prices,
manufacturing quotas,
shipping industry, &
rationing
Mobilizing for War
• Liberty Ships
• Higher taxes
• War Bond Campaign
Europe During WWII
Europe During WWII
Allied vs Axis Powers
Allied Powers
• Great Britain
• France
• Soviet Union
• U.S.
Axis Powers
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
Allied vs Axis Powers
• How did the Allies defeat the Axis
Powers?
- New weapon emerged which ended
the war  changing warfare & global
politics forever
European Front
Operation Overlord
• American
& British
troops
would cross
the English
Channel &
invade
France
•In 1943, Allied leaders
open a second front
in the war in Europe
•The operation was
code-named
Operation Overlord
•General Dwight
Eisenhower was the
mission commander
Operation Overlord
•Involved an
elaborate hoax to
fool the enemy about
where troops would
land
•On D-Day, June 6,
1944, the Allies
landed at Normandy
Operation Overlord
• Allies captured
the beaches &
within a month;
1 million troops
landed in France
Battle of the Bulge
• Hitler launched
a counterattack,
creating a bulge
in the American
lines
•Americans
pushed back,
forcing German
retreat
World War II in Europe, 1942–1945
V-E Day
•Allies surrounded Berlin,
preparing for assault on
Hitler’s capital
• Hitler fell into
madness, giving orders
that weren’t obeyed &
planning attacks that
weren’t carried out
•April 1945,
Hitler
committed
suicide
 Germany
surrendered
V-E Day
• With the German surrender, the Allies
celebrated V-E Day
• FDR did not
live to see the
celebrations.
He died a few
weeks earlier.
• New President
Harry S. Truman
Allied & Axis Powers,
Atomic Bomb
SWBAT:
• Explain why the dropping of the atomic
bomb was a controversial decision
Pacific Front
War in the Pacific
War still raged in the Pacific, where the
Allies were fighting their way toward Japan
•Battles during the island-hopping campaign
were fierce, with high casualties on both
sides
•Kamikazes crashed into American ships
•Japanese troops fought to the death
•An intense bombing campaign leveled much
of Tokyo  Still, Japan refused to surrender
War in the Pacific
• FDR
authorized
scientists
to develop
an atomic
bomb
•Top secret
program,
codenamed the
Manhattan
Project
•The bomb
tested
successfully
in N.M., in
July 1945
Days later Allies warn Japan to surrender
or face “utter destruction”
(Up to Truman to decide if & when to
use the bomb)
War in the Pacific
• Japanese
refused to
surrender
• An invasion of
Japan could cost
up to 1,000,000
American lives
• Truman’s priority was to save
American lives
Atomic Bomb
• Alternatives were
considered before
dropping the bombs
• The final decision was
to drop the atomic
bombs to end the war
quickly and avoid more
American casualties of
war
Why is the
decision still
discussed &
debated today?
• August 6, 1945, U.S.
pilots dropped an
atomic bomb on
Hiroshima
• 3 days later, they
dropped a second
bomb on Nagasaki
 On August 10,
Emperor Hirohito
surrendered
HIROSHIMA: AFTER THE BOMB
Model from the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum
Atomic Bomb
Hiroshima Nagasaki
Pre-bomb Population 255,000
195,000
Dead
66,000
39,000
Injured
69,000
25,000
Total Casualties
135,000
64,000
Atomic Bomb
Distance From X
(In Feet)
0 – 1000
1000 – 2000
2000 – 3000
3000 – 4000
4000 – 5000
5000 – 6000
6000 – 7000
7000 – 8000
8000 – 9000
9000 – 10,000
Percent Mortality
93%
92%
86%
69%
49%
31.5%
12.5%
1.3%
0.5%
0%
Atomic Bomb
• Atomic Bomb Damage Radius
 The world had
entered the
Atomic Age!
• Complete the DBQs, Summary, and
Wrap Up Questions
Atomic Bomb
• The Allies celebrated V-J Day,
marking victory in Japan
• US occupied Japan under leadership of
Gen. Douglas MacArthur as a
democracy
 The most costly war in history was
finally over
Wartime Diplomacy
• Review of WWII Conferences &
complete “Interpreting Events”
questions with a partner
Wartime Diplomacy
• Casablanca, 1943Roosevelt met
with Churchill to
discuss “victory on
all fronts” &
“unconditional
surrender”
Wartime Diplomacy
• Tehran Conference, 1943- Roosevelt &
Churchill meet with Stalin to discuss
war strategy and postwar world
Wartime Diplomacy
• Yalta, 1945Roosevelt,
Churchill & Stalin
plan division of
Germany, & trials
of war criminals;
Stalin promises to
enter war against
Japan
Wartime Diplomacy
• Potsdam, 1945Allied leaders
(Truman took
Roosevelt’s place)
warned Japan to
surrender to
prevent utter
destruction of Japan
Domestic Post-War Policies
• Fair Deal- Truman’s
program to promote
employment, higher
min. wage, more
unemployment
compensation, &
housing assistance
Domestic Post-War Policies
• GI Bill of Rights- billions of dollars to
pay for veteran’s
benefits (college
education, med.
treatment,
unemployment ins.,
home & business loans)
• End to price controls  increase in
prices  inflation
Domestic Post-War Policies
• Council of Economic Advisors was
established
• Taft-Hartley Act- a set-back for
organized labor/unions
- workers wages couldn’t keep up with
inflation post-WWII  strike
- gave president power to stop any
strike in an industry deemed important
to nation’s health or safety
Domestic Post-War Policies
• National Security Act 1947- est. current
day Department of Defense & CIA
• Truman banned discrimination in the
armed forces
• Many voters dissatisfied with Truman
b/c of inflation, strikes, actions toward
civil rights, & developing cold war
 Truman pulls off upset victory over
Gov. Thomas Dewey (NY) in 1948
Presidential Election
• What’s wrong with this picture?
Wrap Up
• In what sense was the United States “involved”
in World War II before the Pearl Harbor attack
and the Congressional declaration of war in
December 1941?
• How was the US fighting a 2 Front war?
• How did Truman enhance the civil rights of
African-Americans?
• Compare the role of the President in planning
the peace after WWI and WWII.
• There were several moral issues that grew out of
the war experience. List and Explain 3: