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AP® Environmental Science
Syllabus
Text
Environment: The Science Behind the Stories by Jay Withgott & Scott Brennan, 3rd Edition,
2008, Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishers.
Other Resources
In addition to the textbook, we will draw information from supplemental environmental science
textbooks, lab manuals, periodicals, readings/case studies, and the Internet.
Course Description
The AP® Environmental Science course is a full-year course designed to be the equivalent of a
one-semester, introductory college course in environmental science. Unlike most other
introductory-level college science courses, environmental science is offered from a wide variety
of departments, including geology, biology, environmental studies, environmental science,
chemistry, and geography. The AP Environmental Science course has been developed to be
like a rigorous science course that stresses scientific principles and analysis and includes a
laboratory component; as such, it is intended to enable students to undertake, as first-year
college students, a more advanced study of topics in environmental science or, alternatively, to
fulfill a basic requirement for a laboratory science and thus free time for taking other courses. In
both breadth and level of detail, the content of the course reflects what is found in many
introductory college courses in environmental science.
The goal of the course is to provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and
methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world, to identify and
analyze environmental problems both natural and human-made, to evaluate the relative risks
associated with these problems, to examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or preventing
them, and to develop and focus their own political perspective.
Environmental science is interdisciplinary; it embraces a wide variety of topics from different
areas of study. Yet there are several major unifying constructs, or themes, that cut across the
many topics included in the study of environmental science. The following themes provide a
foundation for the structure of the AP Environmental Science course:

Science is a process.

Energy conversions underlie all ecological processes.

The Earth itself is one interconnected system.

Humans alter natural systems.

Environmental problems have a cultural and social context.

Human survival depends on developing practices that will achieve sustainable systems.
Homework
May include but not be limited to:
• reading the current unit content and answering textbook questions
• reviewing lecture notes (from Power Points)
• readings and case studies
• making and studying word slides (flash cards) for unit tests and quizzes
• lab write-ups
• essays
• creating posters, surveys, etc.
Tests
Tests will be given approximately as entered on the course calendar and they will be composed
of multiple-choice and essay questions. At the beginning of the year the tests will be multiple
choice only. Essays will be given as homework assignments. Between Thanksgiving and winter
break, essays will be incorporated into the tests, and after the break the essay portion of the test
will be timed in order to make the test environment as similar to the AP Exam as possible.
The majority of the multiple-choice questions will come from lecture notes, text questions, and
crossword puzzles. We will work our way up to 100 questions as the AP Exam approaches.
You will be given four free-response (essay) questions on the AP Exam. To be effective, you’ll
need to organize your thoughts and construct an essay in 22 minutes (four questions in 90
minutes). In this class we will take a very pragmatic approach to our writing. We’ll write training
essays early in the year and, again, incorporate timed essays into our tests by the middle of
the year.
Possible essay topics will be given to you before the test to allow you to outline your answers.
• Students must pass a safety test before participating in labs.
• One quiz and one test are given per unit.
• We are on an A/B block schedule. Each class meets every other day for 105 minutes.
• On average, a minimum of one period per week is spent engaged in lab and/or field
work.
Course Planner
Part 1:
Fundamentals of
Environmental Science
Unit 1
Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, & 9
• Environmental Ethics, Economics, and Policy (Chap. 2, 3)
4 weeks total
• From Chemistry to Energy to Life (Chap. 4)
• Introduction to Environmental Science (Chap. 1)
Internet Activity: What Is Your Ecological Footprint?

Using a footprint calculator on the internet, students
calculate their ecological footprint based on their lifestyles.
Labs and Activities:
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The Tragedy of the Commons – using M&M’s students
simulate the problems associated with the tragedy of the
commons.
Personal Energy Consumption – students keep a log of
energy consumption for a 1 week period.
Fossil Fuels – estimate the amount of fossil fuel consumed
in transportation, electrical appliances, and home heating.
Alternative Energy Solution Presentation – power point
activity studying alternative forms of energy. (1 ½ block
periods)
Videos:

The Lorax – students observe the commonality of
environmental problems across the world.
Unit 2
• Soil and Soil Dynamics (rock cycle; formation; composition;
physical and chemical properties; main soil types; erosion and
other soil problems; soil conservation) (Chap. 9)
Field Activity: Soil Analysis of School Property
Labs and Activities:
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Soil Sampling and Testing (1 block period)
Rock Cycle and Soil Formation Lab (1 ½ block periods)
Plate Tectonics – volcanic/earthquake eruptions using
the USGS website.
Videos:

Soil Quality – students submit a written report on soil
pollution.
Part 2:
The Living
World
Chapters: 5, 6, & 7
4 weeks total
Unit 3
• Ecosystem Structure (biological populations and
communities; ecological niches; interactions among species;
keystone species; species diversity and edge effects; major
terrestrial and aquatic biomes) (Chap. 5)
• Energy Flow (photosynthesis and cellular respiration; food
webs and trophic levels; ecological pyramids) (Chap. 5 & 6)
• Ecosystem Diversity (biodiversity; natural selection; evolution;
ecosystem services) (Chap. 6)
• Natural Ecosystem Change (climate shifts; species movement;
ecological succession) (Chap. 7)
• Natural Biogeochemical Cycle (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous,
sulfur, water conservation of matter) (Chap. 7)
Field Activity: Wetland biome at a local property. Identify plants
(peer tutoring), familiarize students with biome (Mason County).
Labs and Activities:
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Invasive Species “Wanted Poster” – students choose an
invasive species and create a wanted poster.
Design a Food Web (1/2 block)
Schoolyard Car Lab, Shannon-Wiener index (1 block)
Ecosystem Column Lab (1 block)
National Park Report – develop a report on one of
America’s national parks.
Videos:

Cane Toads – invasive species study.
Part 3:
Unit 4
Population
Chapters: 8, 11, &13
• Population Biology Concepts (population ecology;
carrying capacity; reproductive strategies; survivorship)
(Chap. 8)
3 weeks total
• Human Population
• Human population dynamics (historical population sizes;
distribution; fertility rates; growth rates and doubling
times; demographic transition; age-structure diagrams)
• Population size (strategies for sustainability; case studies;
national policies) (Chap. 11)
• Impacts of population growth (hunger; disease; economic
effects; resource use; habitat destruction) (Chap. 13)
Labs and Activities:
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Population Dynamics Lab (1/2 block)
Something Fishy (1/2 block)
Owl Pellet Dissection (1 block)
Power of the Pyramids (1 block)
Nation Report – project dealing with other nations.
Endangered Species Brochure – project studying one
chosen endangered species.
Videos:

World Population Issues 1950 - 2050
Part 4:
Unit 5
Land and
Water Use
• Agriculture (Chap. 10)
Chapters: 10, 12, 15, &
16
4 weeks total
• Feeding a growing population (human nutritional
requirements; types of agriculture; Green Revolution;
genetic engineering and crop production; deforestation;
irrigation; sustainable agriculture)

Controlling Pests (types of pesticides; costs and benefits
of pesticide use; integrated pest management: relevant
laws)
• Forestry (tree plantations; old-growth forests; forest fires;
forest management; national forests) (Chap. 12)
• Rangelands (overgrazing; deforestation; desertification;
rangeland management; federal rangelands)
• Other Land Use
1. Urban Land Development (planned development;
suburban sprawl; urbanization)
2. Transportation infrastructure (federal highway system;
canals and channels; roadless areas; ecosystem impacts)
3. Public and federal lands (management; wilderness
areas; national parks; wildlife refuges; forests; wetlands)
4. Land conservation options (preservation; remediation;
mitigation; restoration)
5. Sustainable land-use strategies
• Mining (mineral formation; extraction; global reserves;
relevant laws and treaties)
• Fresh Water Resources (natural systems; human impact;
conservation; wastewater treatment) (Chap. 15)

Marine Water and Coastal Systems Resources (resources;
impacts; conservation) (Chap. 16)
Labs:
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Nonrenewable Resource Depletion Activity (1 block)
Fishing in the Commons (1 block)
Land Use Planning Project (1 block)
Radiation of Radish Seeds Lab (2 blocks)
Videos:
Part 5:
Unit 6
Energy
Resources and
Consumption
• Energy Concepts (energy forms; power; units; conversions;
laws of thermodynamics) (Chap. 19)
Chapters: 19, 20, & 21
4 weeks total
• Energy Consumption
1. History (industrial revolution; exponential growth;
energy crisis)
• Present global energy use
• Future energy needs
• Fossil fuels and use (formation of coal, oil, and natural
gas; extraction/purification methods; world reserves and
global demand; synfuels; environmental advantages/
disadvantages of fossil fuel energy sources)
• Nuclear Energy (nuclear fission process; nuclear
fuel; electricity production; nuclear reactor types;
environmental advantages/disadvantages; safety issues;
radiation and human health; radioactive wastes; nuclear
fusion) (Chap. 20)
• Energy Conservation (energy efficiency; CAFÉ standards;
hybrid electric cars; mass transit)
• Renewable Energy (solar energy; solar electricity; hydrogen
fuel cells; biomass; wind energy; small-scale hydroelectric;
ocean waves and tidal energy; geothermal; environmental
advantages/disadvantages) (Chap. 21)
Labs:
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Half-Life in a Box (45 min.)
Capturing the Wind (1 block)
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That’s the Way the Cookie Crumbles (1/2 block)
Fossil Fuels Lab (1 block)
Videos:
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Fossil Fuels
Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Waste
Alternative Energies: Fuels for the Future
Part 6:
Unit 7
Pollution
• Pollution Types (Chap 14)
Chapters: 14, 15, 17, 18,
& 22
1. Air Pollution (sources—primary and secondary;
major air pollutants; measurement units; smog;
acid deposition—causes and effects; heat islands
and temperature inversions; indoor air pollution;
remediation and reduction strategies; Clean Air Act
(and amendments to it) and other relevant laws) (Chap. 17)
9 weeks total
2. Noise Pollution (sources; effects; control measures)
3. Water pollution (types; sources, causes, and effects;
cultural eutrophication; groundwater pollution;
maintaining water quality; water purification; sewage
treatment/septic systems; Clean Water Act and other
relevant laws) (Chap. 15)
4. Solid Waste (types; disposal; reduction) (Chap. 22)
5. Global Climate Change (current and future trends and
impacts) (Chap. 18)
Field Trip: Sewage Treatment Plant
Field Analysis: Water testing at Salmonberry Creek
Labs:
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Parts per Million (45 min.)
Personal Solid Waste Inventory (15 minutes in class;
ongoing outside of class)
Effects of Salinization on Seed Germination – lab
studying seed germination. (1 hour; ongoing for one
week)
Water Quality testing of Salmonberry Creek (2 blocks)
Ecocolumn (ongoing for 5-6 weeks)
Video:
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The Power of Water
National Geographic, Strange Days on Planet Earth;
Troubled Waters
Unit 8
• Impacts on the Environment and Human Health
1. Hazards to Human Health (environmental risk
analysis; acute and chronic effects; dose-response
relationships; air pollutants; smoking and other risks)
2. Hazardous Chemicals in the Environment (types of
hazardous waste; treatment/disposal of hazardous
waste; cleanup of contaminated sites; biomagnification;
relevant laws) (Chap. 22)
• Economic Impact (cost-benefit analysis; externalities;
marginal costs; sustainability)
Labs:
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Risk-Assessment Activity – with peers (1 hour)
Air Quality Test Kits (1 block)
Airborne Particulates Lab (1 block)
Exhausting Problems Lab (1/2 block)
Part 7:
Unit 9
Global
Change
• Stratospheric Ozone (Formation of stratospheric ozone;
ultraviolet radiation; causes of ozone depletion; effects of
ozone depletion; strategies for reducing ozone depletion;
relevant laws and treaties) (Chap. 17)
Chapters: 11, 17, 18, &
23
4 weeks total
• Global Warming (greenhouse gases and the greenhouse
effect; impacts and consequences of global warming;
reducing climate change; relevant laws and treaties) (Chap. 18)
• Loss of Biodiversity (habitat loss; overuse; pollution;
introduced species; endangered and extinct species;
maintenance through conservation; relevant laws and
treaties (Chap. 11)

Sustainable Solutions (Chap. 23)
Labs:
• How Hot Is It Here on Earth? (1 block)
• Global Warming and Greenhouse Effects Lab (1 block)
Videos:
• The Climate Puzzle
• Wetlands Steward
• The Animal Planet’s The Brown Tree Snake on Guam
First-Trimester Assignment
 APES notebook – lab portfolio
 Magazine Journal – 23 relevant, current environmental science articles from newspapers,
magazines, or the internet with minimum 100-word summaries in 3-ring binder
Second-Trimester Assignment
•
Environmental Science book report
1. Chosen from list of approved books dealing with environmental science
2. Book brought to class to answer questions to avoid summaries printed on Internet.
Third Trimester Assignment

AP Environmental Science Exam
Field Trips
•
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West Sound Water Treatment tour
Howe Farm Research Center
1. Wetland study biomes
2. Native plants
3. Identify birds, fish, mammals, reptiles
4. Salmonberry Creek