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Download Chapter 23 THE COLD WAR ERA • “An iron curtain has descended
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Transcript
1 Chapter 23 THE COLD WAR ERA “An iron curtain has descended” The Cold War Era After WWII, Soviet Expansion threatened to enslave Europe “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.” o Winston Churchill Symbol of division: o Communist world, dominated by the Soviet Union o Free world, led by the United States Decades of apprehension, hostility, and competition between the Soviet Union and the U.S. followed and became known as the Cold War o No actual fighting between the two super powers Postwar Confrontation The World divided into three groups Industrialized nations o North America o Western Europe o Japan Communist world o Soviet Union o Eastern Europe o China Developing countries of: o Africa o Asia o Middle East Collectively known as the Third World A Heritage of Mistrust Relations between U.S. & U.S.S.R. characterized by suspicion and mistrust. o Lenin withdrew from WWI & signed a separate peace treaty with Germany o United States withheld diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union until 1933 o Soviets signed a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany in 1939 o Communists join Allies to fight a common enemy after Hitler invades Soviet Union in 1941 Communist Motives Three Motivations Fear of the West o Stalin believed the Allies purposely delayed opening another front in France o Claimed America intent on destroying the Soviet Union Zeal for their ideology o Territorial expansion and spreading communist revolution were necessary Desire for power o Increase empire’s wealth, power and prestige by adding territories Soviet Expansionist Policies Soviet Expansionist Policies In wartime conferences at Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam, Allied leaders wrestle with what to do with Germany o Germany to be divided & occupied by Western & Soviet forces o Soviets allowed to keep territorial gains in Eastern Europe with understanding that free elections would be held eventually o Red Army never leaves Eastern Europe Poland Romania Bulgaria Albania Hungary Czechoslovakia In Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito (Marshal Tito) came to power and established a communist government. 2 American Containment Policies U.S. emerges from WWII as most ___________________________ in the World o Only nation with ___________________________ o Peacetime buildup of ____________________ o Clear sense of ____________________and ____________________ o Spread ____________________and promote ____________________throughout the world o Began to rebuild its defeated foes (unprecedented) o Under Truman, U.S. adopts policy of ____________________ o U.S. would support any country threatened by _______________________________– Truman Doctrine o 1948, Truman signs the European Recovery Act, or ______________________________ U.S./Soviet Confrontation Germany Allies divided Germany into ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ U.S./Soviet Confrontation NATO: Regional military alliance formed by the _______________________________in 1949 The ______________________________________________________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________ added in 1952 Soviets reacted by creating the ____________________in 1955 Arms race 1949 Soviet Union exploded its first ____________________ Beginning of ____________________ 1950 President Truman ordered the production of the __________________________(____________________) Spread of Communism During the postwar period, tension between the ____________________and the _________________________ (a group of nations united by treaty or agreement for mutual support or joint action) flared several times o Limited ____________________ o ________________________________________in 1960’s & 1970’s o ________________________________ in 1980’s Fall of China After the defeat of ____________________, a civil war erupted in ____________________ o Nationalist forces of _________________________ o Communist forces of ___________________________ Americans supported the ____________________ By 1949 Communists forces captured ____________________ major cities Nationalists forces fled to the island of ____________________ (____________________) For the next ____________________, the U.S. recognized ____________________as the “real” China The Korean War Asia Remained a “hot spot” in the East-West confrontation when Communist North Korea invaded South Korea and sparked the Korean War (1950 – 53) At the close of WWII Korea had been ____________________, like ____________________, into ____________________and __________________________________occupation zones The Korean War IN June 1950, ____________________forces invaded ____________________ Example of Soviet expansion Truman appeals to U.N. for ____________________________________. UN secured __________________________ o Drove communist forces across _______________________________ 3 General McArthur proposes ________________________________ Truman did not want to provoke “_____________________________________” Primarily an ______________________________________________