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Supplemental Worksheets Name Date Class Quick Vocabulary Lesson 1 Lesson 2 nonrenewable resource resource that biomass energy is energy produced is used faster than it can be replaced by natural processes by burning organic matter, such as wood, food scraps, and alcohol nuclear energy is energy released from atomic reactions geothermal energy thermal energy from Earth’s interior reclamation process in which mined hydroelectric power electricity land must be recovered with soil and replanted with vegetation produced by flowing water regulation rule dealing with procedures, such as safety solar energy is energy from the Sun wind farm group of wind turbines that produce electricity renewable resource a resource that Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. can be replaced by natural processes in a relatively short amount of time Natural Resources 3 Name Date Class Quick Vocabulary Lesson 3 Lesson 4 deforestation cutting of large areas acid precipitation is precipitation of forests for human activities ore deposit of a mineral that is large enough to be mined for a profit preserve to keep safe from injury, harm, or destruction that has a pH less than 5.6 photochemical smog brownish haze produced when nitrogen compounds and other pollutants in the air react in the presence of sunlight runoff rainwater that does not soak into the ground and flows over Earth’s surface Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4 Natural Resources Name Date Class Lesson Outline LESSON 1 Energy Resources A. Sources of Energy 1. is used for electricity, transportation, and other needs. 2. Resources that are used faster than they can be replaced by natural processes are called resources. 3. Uranium, which is used in reactions, and fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are both 4. energy resources. resources are resources that can be replaced by natural processes in a relatively short amount of time. 5. Energy from the Sun, also called energy, is a(n) energy resource. B. Nonrenewable Energy Resources 1. In the United States, the energy to power lamps, heat houses, and run vehicles comes mostly from energy resources, such as fossil fuels. 2. Coal, oil, also called petroleum, and natural gas are fuels. of organisms that lived millions of years ago. b. The type of fossil fuel that formed over millions of years depended on three factors: the type of matter, the temperature and pressure, and the length of time that the organic matter was buried. c. Dead plants first formed peat and then eventually changed into harder and harder types of d. The hardest coal, . , contains the most carbon per unit of volume and burns most efficiently. e. Scientists theorize that oil and natural gas formed from the remains of microscopic marine organisms called . f. Most of the oil and natural gas used today formed where forces within Earth folded and tilted thick layers. g. Deposits of oil and natural gas formed under layers of rocks. 10 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. a. The fossil fuels used today formed from the Name Date Class Lesson Outline continued h. Two advantages of fossil fuels are that they are relatively and easy to . i. Three disadvantages of fossil fuels are that they are obtaining them can disrupt pollution. , , and using them causes j. Chemicals released when fossil fuels are burned can react with water in the atmosphere and make rain and snow more . 3. Energy released from atomic reactions is called energy. a. Nuclear power plants produce electricity using nuclear , a process that splits . b. One advantage of using nuclear energy is that a relatively small amount of produces a large amount of energy. c. A well-run nuclear power plant does not the air, the soil, or the water. d. Nuclear energy has disadvantages including the fact that nuclear power plants Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. use a(n) resource—uranium—for fuel. e. The reaction in the nuclear must be carefully monitored so that it does not get out of control. f. Nuclear materials are very dangerous and must be stored safely for thousands of years. C. Managing Nonrenewable Energy Resources 1. fuels and about 93 percent of U. S. energy. energy provide 2. The UnitedStates uses more than 22 percent of the world’s total although it contains only 4.5 percent of the world’s . 3. The process in which mined land must be recovered with soil and replanted with vegetation is called . 4. The energy used by appliances and other electronic equipment when they are plugged in but turned off is called conserve energy by Natural Resources energy; you can them when they are not in use. 11 Name Date Class Content Practice A LESSON 1 Energy Resources Directions: On each line, write the term from the diagram that describes each statement. Not all terms are used. Energy Resources Nonrenewable Energy Resources fossil fuels coal oil uranium natural gas Renewable Energy Resources solar wind geothermal water biomass Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1. These resources are used faster than they can be replaced by natural processes. 2. This renewable energy source comes from Earth’s interior. 3. This energy source comes from plants that died millions of years ago. 4. This energy source comes from the Sun. 5. These are resources that can be replaced by natural processes in a relatively short amount of time. 6. This nonrenewable energy resource comes from plankton that died millions of years ago and is found layered over oil. 7. Energy gained from this renewable energy resource comes from burning food scraps, wood, and other organic material. 8. This material is used in nuclear power plants to create nuclear energy. Natural Resources 13 Name Date Class Content Practice B LESSON 1 Energy Resources Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence. 1. One disadvantage of fossil fuels is the (pollution, fission) that results from their use. 2. A (renewable, nonrenewable) energy resource is one that is not easily replaced naturally. 3. One approach to managing nonrenewable energy resources is (reclaiming, conserving) land that has been mined or drilled. 4. Oil and natural gas come from (peat, plankton) that died and were covered with sediment millions of years ago. 5. A disadvantage of using nuclear energy is that the (chain reaction, future use) of the nuclear reactor must be closely monitored. 6. Coal formation began with a prehistoric (inland sea, swamp). 8. (Vampire, Nonrenewable) energy is the energy used by appliances and other electronic equipment while plugged in but not in use. 9. The waste materials from nuclear power plants remain (renewable, dangerous) for thousands of years. 10. The supply of fossil fuels is (permanent, limited). 11. A disadvantage of using fossil fuels is that it disrupts (habitats, uranium). 12. A disadvantage of using nonrenewable resources is the (fragmentation, fusion) of forests. 13. Fossil fuels store (chemical, natural) energy. 14. When uranium atoms split, they release (thermal, solar) energy. 14 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 7. Solar energy is an example of a (nonrenewable, renewable) energy resource. Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Energy Resources Key Concept What are the main sources of nonrenewable energy? Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. coal energy resources natural gas nonrenewable oil petroleum renewable sediment solar uranium 1. Coal, oil, and the Sun are . 2. Energy resources that can be replaced by natural processes in a relatively short amount of time are called resources. 3. Energy resources that are used faster than they can be replaced by natural processes are called resources. 4. Nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels and . 5. Fossil fuels include , , . 6. Most oil and formed where forces within Earth folded and tilted thick rock layers. 7. Oil and natural gas formed from the remains of plankton that were covered by layers of 8. Another name for oil is 9. . . formed as a result of bacteria, extreme temperatures, and pressure acting on plants that died millions of years ago. 10. As oil and natural gas formed under rocks, less-dense settled over the denser oil. 11. Peat can change into , a nonrenewable resource burned as fuel. 12. One nonrenewable resource, 16 , is used in nuclear reactions. Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and Name Date Key Concept Builder Class LESSON 1 Energy Resources Key Concept What are the advantages and disadvantages of using nonrenewable energy resources? Directions: Respond to each statement in the space provided. Explain three advantages of using fossil fuels. • Explain four disadvantages of using fossil fuels. • • Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. • • • • Natural Resources 17 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Energy Resources Key Concept What are the advantages and disadvantages of using nonrenewable energy resources? Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided. 1. Nuclear power plants use uranium, a nonrenewable resource, for fuel. 2. The nuclear energy produced in nuclear power plants is the result of nuclear fusion. 3. To split the uranium atoms, electrons hit them, causing them to release neutrons and thermal energy. 4. When uranium atoms are split, they releasing a small amount of thermal energy. steam. 6. A(n) advantage of nuclear energy is that it does not pollute the air or water unless something goes wrong with the plant. 7. A disadvantage of nuclear power is that it requires carbon atoms, a nonrenewable resource, to be placed in fuel rods. 8. Nuclear power plants can release radioactive substances into the environment, an event that is a(n) advantage for living things. 18 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 5. One advantage of nuclear energy is that it easily uses electricity to produce Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Energy Resources Key Concept How can individuals help manage nonrenewable resources wisely? Directions: Use the content map to answer the question. 1. What percent of U.S. energy comes from nonrenewable sources? oil 40% hydroelectric 2.5% natural gas 23% coal 22% Sources of energy in the U.S. 2007 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. nuclear power 8% biomass 3.5% solar, geothermal, and wind 1% Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 2. List three laws that help the government manage nonrenewable energy sources. 3. Why does unplugging an unused appliance help manage nonrenewable energy resources? 4. Name three ways you can help manage nonrenewable energy sources. 5. Why is it important for individuals to manage and conserve nonrenewable energy resources? Natural Resources 19 Name Date Class Lesson Quiz A LESSON 1 Energy Resources Matching Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once. 1. any resource that can be replaced by natural processes in a relatively short time 2. a process in which mined land is recovered with soil and replanted with vegetation A. nonrenewable B. nuclear energy C. reclamation D. renewable 3. is produced during atomic reactions 4. any resource that is used faster than it can be replaced by natural processes Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer. 5. Which is a renewable energy resource? A. uranium B. natural gas C. biomass fuel Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6. Which statement gives an advantage of using fossil fuels? A. They are relatively inexpensive. B. They do not pollute air, land, or water. C. They produce as much energy as fission. 7. What is one disadvantage of using nuclear energy? A. Nuclear energy produces radioactive wastes. B. Nuclear power plants cause much air pollution. C. Fission generates only small amounts of energy. 8. To personally manage nonrenewable resources wisely, you could A. work with others to reclaim mined lands. B. use renewable energy resources whenever possible. C. increase the amount of vampire energy you consume. 24 Natural Resources Name Date Class Lesson Quiz B LESSON 1 Energy Resources Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the correct answer. 1. is a renewable energy resource. A. B. C. D. Oil Coal Nuclear energy Geothermal energy 2. Reclamation is a process in which land is A. mined to recover resources. B. restored after it has been mined. C. treated to destroy nuclear waste. D. drilled to recover oil and natural gas. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3. An advantage of fission is that it A. is relatively cheap to use. B. doesn’t produce radioactive waste. C. generates small amounts of energy. D. generally does not pollute other resources. Short Answer Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 4. State the main difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources. 5. Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of using fossil fuels. 6. Identify one disadvantage of using nuclear energy. 7. Describe two ways in which you can personally manage nonrenewable resources wisely. Natural Resources 25 Name Date Class Lesson Outline LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources A. Renewable Energy Resources 1. Renewable resources come from processes that have been happening for billions of years and will continue to happen. 2. Solar energy is energy from the . a. Solar cells in watches and calculators capture and transform it to energy energy, while solar power plants generate electricity by transforming energy in to turn turbines connected to . b. Technology, such as solar panels, that gathers and stores solar energy that heats water and homes is called solar energy. c. solar energy uses design elements that capture energy in sunlight. 3. energy is a renewable resource that has been used since ancient times to sail boats and to turn windmills. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4. A group of wind turbines that produce electricity is called a(n) 5. . power is electricity produced by flowing water. a. To produce hydroelectric power, humans build a(n) across a powerful river. b. Coastal areas that have great differences between high and low tides can be a source of power. c. Tidal power uses water that flows across as the tide comes in during high tides and as it goes out during low tides. 6. Thermal energy from Earth’s interior is called a. energy. energy can be used to heat homes and generate electricity in power plants. b. Geothermal energy from hot rocks or heats water that makes steam, which turns turbines connected to that produce electricity. Natural Resources 29 Name Date Class Lesson Outline continued 7. Energy produced by burning organic matter such as wood, food scraps, and alcohol is called energy. a. The most widely used biomass is b. Ethanol and . are two vehicle fuels that can be made from biomass. c. Ethanol is made from in plants such as corn. d. Biodiesel is made from oils and fats. B. Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Resources 1. The main advantage of using energy resources is that they will be available for millions of years to come. 2. Renewable energy resources produce less than fossil fuels. 3. Two disadvantages associated with using renewable resources are that some are or limited to certain areas. C. Managing Renewable Energy Resources 1. energy currently meets only 7 percent of U.S. energy needs. 2. The renewable energy resource used most in the United States energy. 3. Some states require power companies to produce a percentage of electricity using resources, and U.S. government has programs to encourage use of resources. 4. You can encourage the use of energy resources by educating others and buying products made using these resources. 30 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. is Name Date Class Content Practice A LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources Directions: On the line before each description, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Some terms may be used more than once. A. biomass E. water B. solar Renewable Energy Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. D. geothermal C. wind 1. thermal energy from Earth’s interior 2. provides energy from burning wood scraps 3. energy captured from the Sun 4. low and high tides produce electricity 5. needed for wind farms to generate electricity 6. burning this type of energy resource causes pollution 7. less of this type of energy is captured on cloudy days 8. type of energy used to power some calculators and watches 32 Natural Resources Name Date Class Content Practice B LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of wind energy. 2. What is the difference between active solar energy and passive solar energy? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3. Compare and contrast hydroelectric power and tidal power. 4. Identify one way biomass energy is used to power vehicles. Why do you think this use is important? 5. Do you think the advantages of geothermal energy outweigh the disadvantages? Explain. Natural Resources 33 Name Date Class Language Arts Support LESSON 2 Word-Usage Activity: Parts of Speech Nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs are four main parts of speech. A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. An adjective modifies, or describes, a noun. A verb gives an action or state of being. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or another adverb. The chart below contains examples of each of these four parts of speech. Part of Speech Examples noun tree, friendship, nail, Chicago adjective large, warm, blue, old verb be, cause, jump, describe adverb quickly, easily, often, early Directions: On each line, write the correct part of speech for the underlined word in each sentence. 1. Even when turned off, appliances that are plugged in still consume energy. 2. Nonrenewable resources will eventually be used up. 4. Coal burns more efficiently than peat. 5. Oil and natural gas deposits are found under layers of impermeable rocks. 6. The Sun and wind are two examples of renewable energy resources. 7. Water energy produces electricity through hydroelectric power and tidal power. 34 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3. Pollution is a disadvantage of fossil fuel use. Name Date Class Language Arts Support LESSON 2 Language-Usage Activity: Using Its and It’s It is easy to confuse it’s and its, but they have very different uses in the English language. It’s is a contraction of “it is.” The apostrophe takes the place of the letter i in the word is. Anytime you use the word it’s, the sentence should still make sense if you replace it’s with the words it is. The word its is not a contraction; it’s a possessive. Just like hers, his, and yours, the word its shows ownership or possession. When you form the possessive of some nouns, you use an apostrophe. Toni’s sweater, the dog’s leash, the chair’s legs are possessive nouns, which require an apostrophe. In contrast, the possessive forms of pronouns, such as hers, his, yours, and its, do not have an apostrophe. Directions: Circle the correct form of the word that completes each sentence. 1. Solar energy is a renewable resource because (its/it’s) not possible to use it up. 2. The wind turbine stopped spinning because (its/it’s) blade was broken. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3. (Its/It’s) possible to produce electricity using geothermal energy from deep within Earth. 4. Like other fossil fuels, today’s coal has an ancient past. (Its/It’s) beginnings can be traced back hundreds of millions of years. 5. Although oil is widely used, one of (its/it’s) drawbacks is that (its/it’s) nonrenewable. 6. Although mines damage land, (its/it’s) possible to recover the land through reclamation. 7. Geothermal energy has many advantages, but one disadvantage is that (its/it’s) only available in regions with tectonic activity. Natural Resources 35 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources Key Concept What are the main sources of renewable energy? Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question on the lines provided. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1 Water behind the dam forms a reservoir. 2 Water behind the dam is released into tunnels. The stored energy of the water changes into kinetic energy as it flows downhill. 3 The energy of the flowing water turns a turbine that is connected to a generator. 4 As the generator spins, it produces electricity. 1. What is the energy source for electricity produced by hydroelectric power plants? 2. How is electrical energy generated in a hydroelectric power plant? Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 3. Name another type of water power beside hydroelectric power. 4. Beside water, what are four other sources of renewable energy? , , , and 5. Why is water considered to be a renewable resource? Natural Resources 37 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources Key Concept What are the main sources of renewable energy? Directions: Answer the questions in the space provided. Renewable Energy Resource How is it captured? Where is it found? 1. 2. wind 3. 4. water 5. 6. geothermal 7. 8. biomass 9. 10. 38 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. solar Natural Resources Name Date Key Concept Builder Class LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources Key Concept What are the advantages and disadvantages of using renewable energy resources? Directions: On the line before each statement, write Yes if the statement describes an advantage of renewable resource use or No if the statement describes a disadvantage of renewable resource use. It is an advantage that …. 1. some energy sources are renewable. 2. renewable energy sources produce less pollution than fossil fuels. 3. geothermal drilling disrupts habitats. 4. drought can affect areas dependent on water energy. 5. biomass energy reduces the amount of organic matter in landfills. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6. large-scale geothermal plants are limited to areas with tectonic activity. 7. wind energy is nonpolluting. 8. wind turbines interfere with migrating birds. 9. geothermal energy produces little pollution. 10. wind energy is relatively inexpensive. 11. wind farms are limited to large, windy areas. 12. solar cells are expensive. 13. hydroelectric plants can disrupt aquatic ecosystems. 14. biomass is less energy efficient than fossil fuels. Natural Resources 39 Name Date Key Concept Builder Class LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources Key Concept What can individuals do to encourage the use of renewable energy resources? Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided. 2. Explain what management of renewable energy resources means. 3. Explain ways the U.S. government manages energy resources. 4. Explain ways your local community manages energy resources. 5. How can renewable energy resources be managed better in your home? 6. How can I manage renewable energy resources better? 40 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1. List five renewable resources. Name Date Lesson Quiz A Class LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources True or False Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided. 1. A disadvantage of solar energy is that it can be used only in tectonically active areas. 2. An advantage of using biomass as an energy resource is that it reduces the amount of organic matter thrown into landfills. 3. A disadvantage of solar energy is that it can harm birds. 4. Water energy is essentially nonpolluting. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 5. A disadvantage of water energy is that cannot be used on cloudy days. Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the correct answer. 6. is NOT a renewable energy resource. A. The Sun B. Natural gas C. Moving water 7. A disadvantage of hydroelectric power is that it A. is nonpolluting. B. is relatively inexpensive. C. can harm fish and other organisms. 8. Renewable resources are NOT wisely managed when A. the government passes laws to encourage their use. B. people buy products that are made with these resources. C. people do not use them whenever it is possible to do so. Natural Resources 45 Name Date Class Lesson Quiz B LESSON 2 Renewable Energy Resources Completion Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. biomass geothermal solar 1. A disadvantage of water wind energy is its negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. 2. The best sites for 3. energy plants are far from urban areas. , , and energy are nonpolluting, but large-scale use of these resources is limited to certain areas. 4. One disadvantage of using energy is that it is less energy efficient than fossil fuels. 5. The availability of using 6. A disadvantage of energy can be affected by drought. energy use is that it is limited to certain times of the day. Directions: Respond to the statement on the lines provided. 7. Describe how individuals and governments are managing renewable energy resources wisely. 46 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Short Answer Name Date Class Lesson Outline LESSON 3 Land Resources A. Land as a Resource 1. Something from Earth that living things use to meet their needs is called a(n) . 2. includes natural habitats and the land on which buildings, sidewalks, parking lots, and streets are built. 3. make up only a small percentage of land use in the United States; most land is used for , grasslands, and forests. B. Forests and Agriculture 1. Forests have regrown since 1920, but the new trees are not as as the original trees. 2. Forests are cut down to get wood for , paper products, and wood products and to clear land for development and . a. The amount of land used for agriculture has in recent years. in some parts of the country due to advances in farming techniques. 3. Certain are mined to make products that people use every day. a. Deposits of minerals that are large enough to be mined for a profit are called . b. Ores such as bauxite and hematite are called mineral resources and are used to make metal products. c. mineral resources include sand, gravel, gypsum, halite, sulfur, and fluorite. C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Land Resources 1. One advantage of using resources is that they are widely available and easy to access. 2. Another advantage of using land resources is that crops and trees are —they can be replanted and grown in a relatively short amount of time. 50 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. b. Crop production has Name Date Class Lesson Outline continued 3. Disadvantages of using land resources include the following: are nonrenewable and using land resources can result in and pollution. a. The cutting of large areas of forests for human activities is called . b. Deforestation can lead to soil and loss of animal habitats. c. Deforestation can affect global because trees remove from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. d. that contains chemicals from mineral mines can pollute soil and water. e. Chemical fertilizers in from farms can pollute rivers, soil, and water supplies. D. Managing Land Resources 1. There is competition for because the amount of land is limited. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2. On land, logging and development is banned or strictly controlled. 3. According to government regulations, public and private mined lands must be . 4. Land used for farming and grazing can be managed to conserve and improve crop 5. Organic farming techniques do not use 6. By recycling yard . fertilizers. and vegetable , you can help conserve land resources. Natural Resources 51 Name Date Content Practice A Class LESSON 3 Land Resources Directions: Complete the chart by writing the correct phrase from the list in the space provided. • wood products such as fuel and paper • soil erosion and loss of animal habitats • agriculture, forests, living space • by preserving them • minerals resources such as coal or iron • by recycling Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. • mix chemicals with soil and water In what ways do people use land? 1. Name a product that comes from forests. 2. Name a product that comes from mines. 3. What can happen when forests are cut down? 4. How can coal mines affect soil and water quality? 5. How can governments manage forests and other ecosystems? 6. What is one way you can manage land resources? 7. Natural Resources 53 Name Date Class Content Practice B LESSON 3 Land Resources Directions: Answer each question in the space provided. What is the advantage of using land in this way? What is the disadvantage of using land in this way? 1. 2. Using farmland for a large housing development 3. 4. Clear-cutting a large forested area so the wood can be sold for wood products 5. 6. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Tearing down old houses in the middle of a city to create a park 7. How do you think land resources can best be managed? 54 Natural Resources Name Date Key Concept Builder Class LESSON 3 Land Resources Key Concept Why is land considered a resource? Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided. 1. What is a natural resource? 2. Why are forests considered to be land resources? 3. Why are agricultural fields considered to be land resources? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4. Why are minerals considered to be land resources? 5. Three uses of land resources include: 6. Three products that come from forests are: 7. Two minerals used in building homes are: 56 Natural Resources Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 3 Land Resources Key Concept Why is land considered a resource? Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided. 1. Which type of land use is the largest in the United States? 2. Beside natural habitats, what are two other ways land is used as living space? 3. How were forests used in the past? How has this use changed? 4. How does housing development affect the amount of forested area? 5. About how much land in the United States is used for growing crops? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6. About how much land in the United States is used for grazing livestock? 7. Though the amount of land used for agriculture has decreased in recent years, crop production has increased? What makes this possible? 8. What effect did land use have on forested areas in the United States between 1620 and 1920? 9. What are ores? 10. What are two metallic mineral resources used for living spaces? 11. What are two examples of nonmetal mineral resources used in paints? 12. Why is coal an energy resource and a mineral resource? Natural Resources 57 Name Date Key Concept Builder Class LESSON 3 Land Resources Key Concept What are the advantages and disadvantages of using land as a resource? Directions: Respond to each statement in the space provided. Advantages of Using Land Resources 1. Identify two advantages of using land resources. Disadvantages of Using Land Resources 2. List three disadvantages of using land resources. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3. List four ways deforestation negatively affects areas. 4. Identify two types of pollution that result from runoff. 58 Natural Resources Name Date Key Concept Builder Class LESSON 3 Land Resources Key Concept How can individuals help manage land resources wisely? Directions: Answer each question in the space provided. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Land Resource Management Solutions 1. How can governments manage land resources for a positive result? Governments: 2. How can farm communities manage land resources for a positive result? Farm Communities: 3. How can urban communities manage land resources for a positive result? Urban Communities: 4. How can you manage land resources for a positive result? You: Natural Resources 59 Name Date Class Lesson Quiz A LESSON 3 Land Resources Completion Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is used only once. composting deforestation fertilizers lumber ores preserving 1. growing crops land helps protect ecosystems and manage forest resources. 2. Using small amounts of fertilizers while is a wise use of the land. 3. Minerals that can be mined at a profit are called . 4. The removal of larges numbers of trees from an area is . 5. adds organic matter to a garden. 6. can pollute water resources when they enter runoff. 7. is a resource that comes from trees that grow on the land. Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 8. Why is land considered to be a resource? A. It is needed for landfills. B. It is easily restored when polluted. C. It is used to grow crops and mine minerals. 9. is NOT a way in which individuals manage land wisely. A. Composting vegetable scraps B. Clear-cutting trees for lumber C. Planting a community garden 10. 62 is one way in which government manages land wisely. A. Clearing forests for lumber B. Strictly controlling logging C. Encouraging massive development Natural Resources Name Date Lesson Quiz B Class LESSON 3 Land Resources Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the correct answer. 1. A. B. C. D. is NOT a wise use of land resources. Agriculture Composting Preservation Deforestation 2. An ore is any mineral that A. is used in agriculture. B. forms in Earth’s crust. C. is profitable when it is mined. D. comes from preserved land resources. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3. Land is considered to be a resource because A. it is nonrenewable. B. it covers much of Earth’s surface. C. people use it to meet some of their needs. D. it can no longer be used after it becomes polluted. Short Answer Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 4. List four resources that come from land. 5. Explain how fertilizers can be beneficial and harmful to land resources. 6. Describe how individuals can manage land resources wisely. 7. List ways in which the government manages land wisely. Natural Resources 63 Name Date Class Lesson Outline LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources A. Importance of Air and Water 1. Air and a. are resources that you cannot live without. from air helps your body provide energy for your cells. b. Water helps protect body tissues and maintain body . c. Water also has a role in many chemical such as the digestion of food. d. People use water for other purposes including , transportation, and recreation. 2. Burning in homes, vehicles, and power plants produces air pollution. a. Air pollution can also be caused by events, such as volcanic eruptions or forest fires. b. is a brownish haze produced when nitrogen compounds and other pollutants in the air react in the presence of sunlight. c. Smog can be particularly harmful when it is trapped under a layer of warm Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and remains in an area for several days. d. forms when nitrogen and sulfur compounds released when fossil fuels burn react with water in the atmosphere. e. Acid precipitation is precipitation that has a(n) less than 5.6. f. Materials from forest fires and eruptions can cause health problems similar to those caused by smog. 3. About 97 percent of water on Earth is a. Out of the total amount of water. on Earth, only about 0.9 percent is available for humans to use. b. water containing fertilizers can run off from fields into rivers and groundwater, reducing the quality of water supplies. c. In industry, water is often to a point that it can harm aquatic organisms. Natural Resources 67 Name Date Class Lesson Outline continued B. Managing Air and Water Resources 1. Management of air and water resources must consider both needs and the needs of other 2. . can be used to reduce pollution of water and air. a. The U.S. Act limits the amount of certain pollutants that can be released into the air. b. The U.S. Act works to reduce of water pollution. c. The Safe Act has regulations to protect drinking water supplies. 3. People can help reduce water pollution by properly disposing of harmful chemicals so less runs off into rivers and streams. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 68 Natural Resources Name Date Class Content Practice A LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Directions: On each line, write the term or phrase from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms may be used more than once. agriculture conserving water drinking water freshwater legislation life functions natural events nitrogen recreation salt water sulfur sunlight transportation 1. Water is needed for many . 2. Four uses of water are , , , and 3. Smog is produced when . compounds and other pollutants in the air react in the presence of . and compounds react with water in the atmosphere. 5. When polluted water runs off into rivers and groundwater, it reduces the amount of available for sustaining life. 6. is an effective way to reduce air and water pollution. 7. One way people can help manage water resources is by 8. Forest fires and volcanic eruptions are . that release gases and dust into the atmosphere. 9. Most of Earth’s water is is 70 , and about 3 percent . Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4. Acid precipitation results when Name Date Class Content Practice B LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Directions: Complete the cause and effect chart with the correct information in the space provided. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Cause Effect on Air and Water Resources A volcano erupts. 1. Fossil fuels are burned. 2. Acid precipitation falls on lakes. 3. Precipitation with a pH level of less than 5.6 falls on plants. 4. A large forest fire occurs in California. 5. Government officials want to limit the amount of industrial air pollution. 6. A citizen is concerned about the amount of litter found along a riverbank. 7. Natural Resources 71 Name Date Class School to Home LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Directions: Use your textbook to respond to each statement. 1. Most living things can survive for only a few minutes without air. Describe how your body uses the oxygen in the air. 2. Water is needed for many body functions. List five ways in which your body depends on water. 3. Certain substances can pollute the air. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Name five air pollutants. 4. Water, both at Earth’s surface and deep within the ground, can become polluted. Explain how farming and certain industrial processes can pollute water. 5. Water and air are two fluids that you cannot live without. Defend why it is important to manage these resources wisely. Natural Resources 73 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Key Concept Why is it important to manage air and water resources wisely? Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all. air asthma attack freshwater manage nitrogen pH photochemical smog pollutants pollution water soil sulfur All living things need air and water. Without air and water, living things would die. We need to protect our air and water from (1.) , which is harmful to all living things. Air pollution is produced when fossil fuels are burned and (2.) compounds are released into the air. A reaction occurs when these molecules mix with other (3.) found in the air in the presence of sunlight. The brownish haze that results is called (4.) , which can irritate (5.) . This particular type of pollution is especially harmful when it is trapped under a layer of warm (6.) for several days in a row. Water pollution can be caused by fertilizers, or it can be caused by acid precipitation. Acid precipitation results when nitrogen and (7.) with water in the (8.) compounds react . It has a (9.) of less than 5.6. When acid precipitation falls on land and on lakes, it pollutes the (10.) and the water. This can kill plants and aquatic animals. It is important to (11.) air and water resources wisely because they are essential to the survival of all living things. Given that only 0.9 percent of all (12.) is available for human use, it is important to find ways to protect and conserve air and water resources. 74 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. respiratory systems. In some individuals, it also can increase the chance of a(n) Name Date Key Concept Builder Class LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Key Concept Why is it important to manage air and water resources wisely? Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. List three reasons why water is needed for life functions. 2. List six ways freshwater is used. 3. How much of Earth’s water is freshwater? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4. Why is air needed for living things to survive? 5. Identify the effect smog has on some people. 6. What is acid precipitation? 7. Name two harmful effects of acid precipitation when it falls on land. 8. Given what you know about the importance of air and water for survival, why is it necessary to manage both resources wisely? Natural Resources 75 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Key Concept Why is it important to manage air and water resources wisely? Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided. 1. Water and air resources are essential for life. 2. There is a relatively short supply of salt water on Earth. 3. Carbon dioxide is needed to provide energy for human cells. 4. Our bodies need water, because it is a main component of blood. 5. Runoff that contains fertilizer can be harmful to aquatic life. 7. The burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution. 8. Smog is precipitation that has a pH less than 5.6. 9. Dust and ash from natural events is limited to confined spaces around the world. 10. Acid precipitation occurs when nitrogen and sulfur compounds react with water in the air. 11. Burning fossil fuels releases nitrogen compounds into the air. 12. It is important to manage resources wisely to sustain life on Earth. 76 Natural Resources Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6. The body uses water to help digest food. Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Key Concept How can individuals help manage air and water resources wisely? Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question on the lines provided. Concentration (ppm) Sulfur Compounds in the Atmosphere 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1. What does the line graph show about levels of sulfur compounds in the atmosphere? 2. Based on the trend shown on the graph, do you think the concentration of sulfur compounds in the atmosphere today is greater than, the same as, or less than in 2005? Why? Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 3. Name two examples of how government has managed air and water resources. 4. What are three things you can do to wisely manage the air and water resources you use? Natural Resources 77 Name Date Class Lesson Quiz A LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer. 1. Why is air an important resource? A. Most living things use air to digest their food. B. Every living thing on Earth needs air to survive. C. Many living things use oxygen in air to provide energy for cells. 2. Water is important to people because A. they need it to breathe. B. it helps maintain the body’s temperature. C. they can live for only a few minutes without it. 3. Why is it important to manage air and water resources wisely? A. Both are nonrenewable resources. B. Almost all living things need these resources. C. After they are polluted, they can never be restored. True or False Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4. The Clean Water Act protects drinking water supplies. 5. People can help keep air clean by using more fossil fuels. 6. Photochemical smog can damage buildings and statues. 7. Photochemical smog can irritate your respiratory system. 8. Most of the freshwater on Earth is stored in glaciers. 9. Using energy-saving lightbulbs helps reduce air pollution. 80 Natural Resources Name Date Class Lesson Quiz B LESSON 4 Air and Water Resources Completion Directions: On each line, write the term or phrase from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms and phrases are used more than once or not at all. acid precipitation air Clean Air Clean Water glaciers photochemical smog rivers and lakes Safe Drinking Water water 1. is a(n) damage buildings and statues. pollutant that can 2. is a(n) irritate your respiratory system. pollutant that can 3. Most of Earth’s freshwater is in 4. The . Act protects the water that comes from your faucets. 5. Using energy-saving lightbulbs helps reduce 6. Chemicals in runoff cause pollution. pollution. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Short Answer Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 7. State why air is an important resource. 8. Name two reasons why water is important to humans. 9. Describe three ways individuals can manage air and water resources wisely. Natural Resources 81 Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 1: Energy Resources A. Sources of Energy 1. Energy is used for electricity, transportation, and other needs. called nonrenewable resources. 2. Resources that are used faster than they can be replaced by natural processes are 3. Uranium, which is used in nuclear reactions, and fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are both nonrenewable energy resources. relatively short amount of time. 4. Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced by natural processes in a 5. Energy from the Sun, also called solar energy, is a(n) renewable energy resource. atmosphere and make rain and snow more acidic. Natural Resources j. Chemicals released when fossil fuels are burned can react with water in the them can disrupt habitats, and using them causes pollution. i. Three disadvantages of fossil fuels are that they are nonrenewable, obtaining to transport. h. Two advantages of fossil fuels are that they are relatively inexpensive and easy g. Deposits of oil and natural gas formed under layers of impermeable rocks. f. Most of the oil and natural gas used today formed where forces within Earth folded and tilted thick rock layers. microscopic marine organisms called plankton. e. Scientists theorize that oil and natural gas formed from the remains of d. The hardest coal, anthracite, contains the most carbon per unit of volume and burns most efficiently. harder types of coal. c. Dead plants first formed peat and then eventually changed into harder and b. The type of fossil fuel that formed over millions of years depended on three factors: the type of organic matter, the temperature and pressure, and the length of time that the organic matter was buried. millions of years ago. a. The fossil fuels used today formed from the remains of organisms that lived 2. Coal, oil, also called petroleum, and natural gas are fossil fuels. 1. In the United States, the energy to power lamps, heat houses, and run vehicles comes mostly from nonrenewable energy resources, such as fossil fuels. B. Nonrenewable Energy Resources T2 1/30/10 6:05:22 PM Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. C180_100_107_CRF_AnsOut_892479.i100 100 Lesson Outline continued 3. Energy released from atomic reactions is called nuclear energy. atoms. a. Nuclear power plants produce electricity using nuclear fission, a process that splits produces a large amount of energy. b. One advantage of using nuclear energy is that a relatively small amount of uranium c. A well-run nuclear power plant does not pollute the air, the soil, or the water. use a nonrenewable resource—uranium—for fuel. d. Nuclear energy has disadvantages including the fact that nuclear power plants does not get out of control. e. The chain reaction in the nuclear reactor must be carefully monitored so that it of years. f. Nuclear waste materials are very dangerous and must be stored safely for thousands 1. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy provide about 93 percent of U.S. energy. C. Managing Nonrenewable Energy Resources contains only 4.5 percent of the world’s population. 2. The United States uses more than 22 percent of the world’s total energy although it vegetation is called reclamation. 3. The process in which mined land must be recovered with soil and replanted with 4. The energy used by appliances and other electronic equipment when they are plugged in but turned off is called vampire energy; you can conserve energy by unplugging them when they are not in use. Discussion Question How does a nuclear power plant produce electricity? 1/30/10 6:05:23 PM T3 Neutrons hit uranium atoms in fuel rods. Each atom splits, releasing two to three neutrons and thermal energy. The released neutrons hit other atoms, causing a chain reaction of splitting atoms. Countless atoms split and release large amounts of thermal energy. This energy heats water and changes it to steam. The steam turns a turbine connected to a generator, which produces electricity. Natural Resources C180_100_107_CRF_AnsOut_892479.i101 101 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 2: Renewable Energy Resources A. Renewable Energy Resources 1. Renewable resources come from natural processes that have been happening for billions of years and will continue to happen. 2. Solar energy is energy from the Sun. a. Solar cells in watches and calculators capture light energy and transform it to electrical energy, while solar power plants generate electricity by transforming energy in sunlight to turn turbines connected to generators. b. Technology, such as solar panels, that gathers and stores solar energy that heats water and homes is called active solar energy. c. Passive solar energy uses design elements that capture energy in sunlight. 3. Wind energy is a renewable resource that has been used since ancient times to sail boats and to turn windmills. 4. A group of wind turbines that produce electricity is called a(n) wind farm. 5. Hydroelectric power is electricity produced by flowing water. a. To produce hydroelectric power, humans build a(n) dam across a powerful river. source of tidal power. b. Coastal areas that have great differences between high and low tides can be a tides and as it goes out during low tides. c. Tidal power uses water that flows across turbines as the tide comes in during high 6. Thermal energy from Earth’s interior is called geothermal energy. plants. a. Geothermal energy can be used to heat homes and generate electricity in power which turns turbines connected to generators that produce electricity. b. Geothermal energy from hot rocks or magma heats water that makes steam, is called biomass energy. 7. Energy produced by burning organic matter such as wood, food scraps, and alcohol a. The most widely used biomass is wood. b. Ethanol and biodiesel are two vehicle fuels that can be made from biomass. c. Ethanol is made from sugars in plants such as corn. d. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and fats. available for millions of years to come. 2. Renewable energy resources produce less pollution than fossil fuels. Natural Resources 1. The main advantage of using renewable energy resources is that they will be B. Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Resources T4 1/30/10 6:05:24 PM Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. C180_100_107_CRF_AnsOut_892479.i102 102 Lesson Outline continued costly or limited to certain areas. 3. Two disadvantages associated with using renewable resources are that some are 1. Renewable energy currently meets only 7 percent of U.S. energy needs. C. Managing Renewable Energy Resources 2. The renewable energy resource used most in the United States is biomass energy. 3. Some states require power companies to produce a percentage of electricity using renewable resources, and U.S. government has programs to encourage use of renewable resources. buying products made using these resources. 4. You can encourage the use of renewable energy resources by educating others and Discussion Question How does a hydroelectric power plant produce electricity? Compare hydroelectric power with tidal power. 1/30/10 6:05:24 PM T5 Water from behind a dam flows downhill through tunnels. As it flows, the stored energy in the water changes into kinetic energy. The energy of the flowing water turns a turbine connected to a generator. The generator spins, producing electricity. Tidal power is similar, except that water flows across turbines as the tide comes in at high tides and as it goes out at low tides. The flowing water turns turbines connected to generators that produce electricity. Natural Resources C180_100_107_CRF_AnsOut_892479.i103 103 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 3: Land Resources A. Land as a Resource natural resource. 1. Something from Earth that living things use to meet their needs is called a(n) parking lots, and streets are built. 2. Living space includes natural habitats and the land on which buildings, sidewalks, 3. Cities make up only a small percentage of land use in the United States; most land is used for agriculture, grasslands, and forests. B. Forests and Agriculture 1. Forests have regrown since 1920, but the new trees are not as tall as the original trees. Lesson Outline continued 1. There is competition for space because the amount of land is limited. D. Managing Land Resources 2. On preserved land, logging and development is banned or strictly controlled. restored. 3. According to government regulations, public and private mined lands must be crop yield. 4. Land used for farming and grazing can be managed to conserve soil and improve 5. Organic farming techniques do not use synthetic fertilizers. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1/30/10 6:05:26 PM T7 6. By recycling yard waste and vegetable scraps, you can help conserve land resources. Where do aluminum and iron come from and what are they used for? Discussion Question to clear land for development and agriculture. 2. Forests are cut down to get wood for fuel, paper products, and wood products and C180_100_107_CRF_AnsOut_892479.i105 105 Natural Resources Aluminum comes from the ore bauxite and is used for products like cars and appliances. Iron comes from the ore hematite and is used for products like nails and faucets. 1/30/10 6:05:25 PM a. The amount of land used for agriculture has decreased in recent years. farming techniques. b. Crop production has increased in some parts of the country due to advances in a. Deposits of minerals that are large enough to be mined for a profit are called ores. 3. Certain minerals are mined to make products that people use every day. used to make metal products. b. Ores such as bauxite and hematite are called metallic mineral resources and are fluorite. c. Nonmetallic mineral resources include sand, gravel, gypsum, halite, sulfur, and C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Land Resources access. 1. One advantage of using land resources is that they are widely available and easy to they can be replanted and grown in a relatively short amount of time. 2. Another advantage of using land resources is that crops and trees are renewable— nonrenewable and using land resources can result in deforestation and pollution. 3. Disadvantages of using land resources include the following: minerals are a. The cutting of large areas of forests for human activities is called deforestation. b. Deforestation can lead to soil erosion and loss of animal habitats. the atmosphere during photosynthesis. c. Deforestation can affect global climates because trees remove carbon dioxide from d. Runoff that contains chemicals from mineral mines can pollute soil and water. water supplies. Natural Resources e. Chemical fertilizers in runoff from farms can pollute rivers, soil, and underground C180_100_107_CRF_AnsOut_892479.i104 104 T6 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 4: Air and Water Resources A. Importance of Air and Water 1. Air and water are resources that you cannot live without. a. Oxygen from air helps your body provide energy for your cells. b. Water helps protect body tissues and maintain body temperature. c. Water also has a role in many chemical reactions, such as the digestion of food. recreation. d. People use water for other purposes including agriculture, transportation, and 2. Burning fossil fuels in homes, vehicles, and power plants produces air pollution. forest fires. a. Air pollution can also be caused by natural events, such as volcanic eruptions or and other pollutants in the air react in the presence of sunlight. b. Photochemical smog is a brownish haze produced when nitrogen compounds and remains in an area for several days. c. Smog can be particularly harmful when it is trapped under a layer of warm air fossil fuels burn react with water in the atmosphere. d. Acid precipitation forms when nitrogen and sulfur compounds released when e. Acid precipitation is precipitation that has a(n) pH less than 5.6. similar to those caused by smog. f. Materials from forest fires and volcanic eruptions can cause health problems 3. About 97 percent of water on Earth is salt water. humans to use. a. Out of the total amount of water on Earth, only about 0.9 percent is available for groundwater, reducing the quality of water supplies. b. Polluted water containing fertilizers can run off from fields into rivers and c. In industry, water is often heated to a point that it can harm aquatic organisms. Natural Resources c. The Safe Drinking Water Act has regulations to protect drinking water supplies. b. The U.S. Clean Water Act works to reduce of water pollution. released into the air. a. The U.S. Clean Air Act limits the amount of certain pollutants that can be 2. Legislation can be used to reduce pollution of water and air. needs of other living things. 1. Management of air and water resources must consider both human needs and the B. Managing Air and Water Resources T8 1/30/10 6:05:26 PM Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. C180_100_107_CRF_AnsOut_892479.i106 106 Lesson Outline continued so less pollution runs off into rivers and streams. 3. People can help reduce water pollution by properly disposing of harmful chemicals Discussion Question Describe two ways that uses of water can affect water quality. T9 1/30/10 6:05:27 PM Water used to irrigate fields can mix with fertilizers. This polluted water then can run off into rivers and groundwater, reducing the quality of these water supplies. Water used in industry often is heated to high temperatures and then returned to the environment. The hot water can harm aquatic organisms. Natural Resources C180_100_107_CRF_AnsOut_892479.i107 107 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.