Download Chapter 18 Oncology

Chapter 18
Oncology
Chapter 18 Assignments
1.
Read Chapter 18, “Oncology” in the text “Medical Language: Immerse Yourself”.
2.
Complete ONLY the textbook exercises below for credit of 5 points toward your grade. (The other
exercises do NOT need to be completed).
Chapter exercises will be checked on the due dates on the class Schedule. Homework turned in after the due
date will receive 50% credit.
Textbook Exercises – Complete ONLY the following:
Vocabulary Review
Labeling, p 899
Building Medical Words
Combining Forms, p 899
Combining Forms and Suffix, p 900
Building Medical Words
Combining Forms, p 926
Related Combining Forms, p 926
Combining Form and Suffix, p 927
Multiple Combining Forms and Suffix, p 928
Abbreviations
Matching, p 928
1. Pearson MyMedicalTerminologyLab Website Assignments
Each of these exercises must be completed to 90% or greater to get credit for the activities.
repeat online activities as many times as necessary in order to obtain 90%. You may
You are allowed to consult your textbook and medical dictionary for homework assignments.
Each chapter must be completed by the due date for full credit (5 points for required activities and 2
points for extra credit).
“Save and Exit” must be clicked before leaving each activity to be added to the Gradebook. View your grades
in the Gradebook on the MyMedicalTerminologyLab Course Home page. Required online activities at: MyMedicalTerminologyLab:
“Matching”
“Word Surgery”
See directions in Chapter 1 Assignments / Word List
“Spelling Challenge”
Optional (extra credit)
“Popping Words”
Chapter 18 Study Guide:
1.
2.
Review all previous word lists and study guides as we move ahead through the remaining course.
You may find questions on a test from a previous chapter. You will need to know all of these terms
from memory. The midterm and final exam are “closed book” exams.
Learn the combining forms, prefixes, suffixes and any additional medical terms from the Word List below.
Recognize, pronounce, build, and correctly spell medical terms related to the above system.
Chapter 18 Word List Combining Forms Combining Form ablat/o‐ aden/o‐ adjuv/o‐ angi/o‐ arteri/o‐ aspir/o‐ astr/o‐ bas/o‐ bi/o‐ blast/o‐ bronch/o‐ cancer/o‐ capsul/o‐ carcin/o‐ cavit/o‐ cellul/o‐ chem/o‐ cholangi/o‐ chondr/o‐ chori/o‐ chorion/o‐ chondr/o‐ chrom/o‐ clon/o‐ conform/o cry/o‐ crypt/o‐ cutane/o‐ cyt/o‐ dendr/o‐ desicc/o‐ differentiat/o‐ didym/o‐ dissect/o‐ duct/o‐ electr/o‐ embol/o‐ embryon/o‐ emet/o‐ enter/o‐ excis/o‐ explorat/o‐ extern/o‐ fibr/o‐ fulgur/o‐ gene/o‐ gen/o‐ germin/o‐ gli/o‐ gonad/o‐ hepat/o‐ hered/o‐ hormon/o‐ implant/o‐ incis/o‐ inhibit/o‐ intern/o‐ interstiti/o‐ invas/o‐ Medical Meaning take away; destroy gland giving help or assistance blood vessel; lymphatic vessel artery to breathe in; to suck in starlike structure base of a structure life; living organisms; living tissue immature; embryonic bronchus cancer capsule (enveloping structure) cancer hollow space cell chemical; drug bile duct cartilage chorion (fetal membrane) chorion (fetal membrane) cartilage color identical group derived from one having the same scale or angle cold hidden skin cell branching structure to dry up being distinct; specialized testes (twin structures) to cut apart bring; move; a duct electricity embolus (occluding plug) embryo; immature form to vomit intestine to cut out to search out outside fiber spark of electricity gene arising from; produced by embryonic tissue cells that provide support gonads (ovaries and testes) liver genetic inheritance hormone placed within to cut into block; hold back inside spaces within tissue to go into Combining Form locat/o‐ log/o‐ lymph/o‐ lys/o‐ magnet/o‐ malign/o‐ mamm/o‐ medic/o‐ melan/o‐ metabol/o‐ metri/o‐ mit/o‐ mon/o‐ mutat/o‐ myel/o‐ my/o‐ necr/o‐ ne/o‐ nephr/o‐ neur/o‐ nucle/o‐ olig/o‐ onc/o‐ optic/o‐ orch/o‐ orchi/o‐ organ/o‐ oste/o‐ path/o‐ peripher/o‐ peritone/o‐ plasm/o‐ plas/o‐ radic/o‐ radi/o‐ recept/o‐ remiss/o‐ resect/o‐ resist/o‐ retin/o‐ rhabd/o‐ rib/o‐ sarc/o‐ scint/i‐ semin/o‐ sensit/o‐ son/o‐ squam/o‐ stas/o‐ stat/o‐ stere/o‐ suppress/o‐ surg/o‐ tact/o‐ terat/o‐ thec/o‐ tom/o‐ transit/o‐ transplant/o‐ Medical Meaning a place word; the study of lymph; lymphatic system break down; destroy magnet intentionally causing harm; cancer breast physician; medicine black change; transformation uterus (womb) threadlike structure one; single to change bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin muscle dead cells, tissue, or body new kidney; nephron nerve nucleus scanty; few tumor; mass lenses; properties of light testis testis organ bone disease; suffering outer aspects peritoneum plasma growth; formation all parts including the root radius (forearm bone); x‐rays; radiation receive send back to cut out; remove withstand the effect of retina rod shaped ribonucleic acid connective tissue point of light spermatozoon; semen affected by; sensitive to sound scalelike cell standing still; staying in one place standing still; staying in one place three dimensions press down operative procedure touch bizarre form sheath; layer of membranes cut; slice; layer change over from one to another move something to another place kary/o‐ lapar/o‐ lei/o‐ leuk/o‐ lip/o‐ nucleus abdomen smooth white lipid (fat) trop/o‐ vas/o‐ ven/o‐ vesic/o‐ vesicul/o‐ having an affinity for; stimulating; turning blood vessel; vas deferens vein bladder; fluid‐filled sac bladder; fluid‐filled sac Medical Meaning able to be pertaining to pertaining to pertaining to pertaining to pertaining to a condition; composed of a process; being or having surgical excision pertaining to little thing condition of the blood; substance in the blood process of a process that which produces gene a record or picture process of recording pertaining to pertaining to a substance action; condition process; disease from a specific cause one who specializes in thing that pertains to Suffix ‐itis ‐ity ‐ive ‐ization ‐ize ‐logy ‐oid ‐oma ‐opsy ‐osis ‐or ‐ory ‐ous ‐pathy ‐plasia ‐plasm ‐ptosis ‐scopy ‐some ‐stasis ‐therapy ‐tic ‐tomy ‐type Medical Meaning inflammation of; infection of state; condition pertaining to process of making, creating, or inserting affecting in a particular way the study of resembling tumor; mass process of viewing condition; abnormal condition; process person or thing that produces or does having the function of pertaining to disease; suffering abnormal condition of growth growth; formed substance state of prolapsed; drooping; falling process of using an instrument to examine a body condition of standing still; staying in one place treatment pertaining to process of cutting or making an incision particular kind of; a model of Medical Meaning without; not apart from; excessive against away from short painful; difficult; abnormal in; within; inward innermost; within Prefix epi‐ ex‐ intra‐ meta‐ per‐ trans‐ ultra‐ un‐ Medical Meaning upon; above out; away from within after; subsequent to; transition; change through; throughout across; through beyond; higher not Suffixes Suffix ‐able ‐al ‐ant ‐ar ‐ary ‐ated ‐ation ‐ectomy ‐ed ‐elle ‐emia ‐ery ‐esis ‐gen ‐gene ‐gram ‐graphy ‐ic ‐ical ‐in ‐ion ‐ism ‐ist ‐ite Prefixes Prefix an‐ ana‐ anti‐ apo‐ brachy‐ dys‐ en‐ endo‐ Additional Medical Terms (know the highlighted terms) Term alkylating drugs alpha fetoprotein antibody antigen assay benign cancer cancerous Medical Meaning drugs used to treat cancer by breaking DNA strands in the cancerous cell an elevated level of this protein in seen with cancer of the liver, testes, and ovaries a protein substance produced in the blood or tissues in response to a specific antigen (bacterium or a toxin) that destroys or weakens bacteria and neutralizes organic poisons, thus forming the basis of immunity any of various substances, including toxins, bacteria, and the cells of transplanted organs, that when introduced into the body stimulate the production of antibodies a quantitative determination of the amount of a given substance in a particular sample of no danger to health, especially relating to a tumorous growth; not malignant a disease characterized by any of various malignant neoplasms composed of abnormal cells that tend to proliferate rapidly and invade surrounding tissue pertaining to cancer carcinomatosis catheter cell debulk deoxyribonucleic acid en bloc resection Ewing’s sarcoma exfoliative fractionation gene Golgi apparatus Hodgkin’s lymphoma in situ Kaposi’s sarcoma lumpectomy metastases mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) nucleus (pl. nuclei) nucleolus (pl. nucleoli) port protocol relapse reticulum ribonucleic acid sentinel node biopsy tumor urinalysis Wilms’ tumor a condition in which cancerous tumors are present at multiple sites in the body a hollow, flexible tube inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow the passage of fluids or distend a passageway the smallest independently functioning structure in the body that can reproduce itself by division a process where part of a bulky, cancerous tumor is excised a molecule which consists of repeating pairs of amino acids sequenced along two strands that form a double helix excision of a cancerous tumor and all surrounding structures, which are removed as one block of tissue cancer of the growth area (epiphysial plate) at the end of a bone, (usually arm or leg) a condition that causes peeling in thin layers or scales the total dose of external beam radiation for radiation therapy divided into smaller doses that are given each day to decrease the occurrence of side effects one segment of a DNA molecule that contains enough amino acid pairs to provide the information to produce one protein molecule curved, stacked membranes that process and store proteins (such as hormones or enzymes) until they are released by the cell the most common cancer of lymph node, lymphoid tissue, or T or B lymphocytes (esp of a cancerous growth or tumor) not seen to be spreading from a localized position cancer of the skin and subcutaneous tissue excision (removal) of a small cancerous tumor without taking any surrounding tissue the process of cancerous cells breaking off from a solid tumor and moving through the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels to other sites in the body capsule‐shaped structures with sectioned chambers that produce and store molecules obtained from glucose metabolism large, round, centralized structure that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane a round, central region within the nucleus of a cell which produces RNA and ribosomes a metal or plastic reservoir that is placed in a pocket created in the subcutaneous tissue to administer chemotherapy drugs a standardized written plan of chemotherapy treatment for a particular type of cancerous tumor return of the symptoms or signs of cancer after a period of improvement or even remission a fine network formed by cells, by certain structures within cells, or by connective‐tissue fibers between cells one of the two main types of nucleic acid (the other being DNA), which functions in cellular protein synthesis in all living cells and replaces DNA as the carrier of genetic information in some viruses the sentinel node, the first lymph node that receives drainage from the site of a primary tumor, is removed and examined an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function; a neoplasm a urine test that detects chemical compounds in the urine that indicate the presence of various cancers cancer of an embryonal cell of the kidney, occurring in young children (also nephroblastoma) Abbreviations (you are only responsible for the abbreviations highlighted in yellow) Abbreviation AFP ALL AML BMT BRCA Bx Ca CEA chemo CIN CIS CLL CML CRT CTR Medical Meaning alpha fetoprotein acute lymphocytic leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia bone marrow transplantation breast cancer (gene) biopsy carcinoma, cancer carcinoembryonic antigen chemotherapy (slang) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia carcinoma in situ chronic lymphocytic leukemia chronic myelogenous leukemia certified radiation therapist certified tumor registrar Abbreviation DNA ER FIGO 5‐HIAA HCG mets NK PICC PR PSA RNA TACE TNM VMA Medical Meaning deoxyribonucleic acid estrogen receptor Federation Internationale de Gynécologie et Obstétrique 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid Human chorionic gonadotropin metastases (slang) natural killer (cells) peripherally inserted central catheter progesterone receptor prostate‐specific antigen ribonucleic acid transarterial chemoembolization tumor, nodes, metastases vanillylmandelic acid CHAPTER 18 Pronunciation Checklist Read each word and its pronunciation. Practice pronouncing each word. Pronunciation help can be found at: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/resources/pronunciations/index/a.html or http://dictionary.reference.com/ ❏ adenocarcinoma (AD‐eh‐noh‐KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ differentiation (DIF‐er‐EN‐shee‐AA‐shun) ❏ adjuvant therapy (AD‐joo‐vant THAIR‐ah‐pee) ❏ dysgerminoma (DIS‐jer‐mih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ alkylating chemotherapy drug (AL‐kih‐LAY‐ting KEE‐moh‐ THAIR‐
❏ dysplasia (dis‐PLAY‐zee‐ah) (dis‐PLAY‐zha) ah‐pee DRUHG) ❏ alpha fetoprotein (AL‐fah FEE‐toh‐PRO‐teen) ❏ anaplasia (AN‐ah‐PLAY‐zee‐ah) (AN‐ah‐PLAY‐zha) ❏ angiogenesis (AN‐jee‐oh‐JEN‐eh‐sis) ❏ angiosarcoma (AN‐jee‐OH‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ antimetabolite chemotherapy drug (AN‐tee‐meh‐TAB‐oh‐lite KEE‐
moh‐THAIR‐ah‐pee DRUHG) ❏ apoptosis (AP‐awp‐TOH‐sis) ❏ aspiration biopsy (AS‐pih‐RAY‐shun BY‐awp‐see) ❏ astrocytoma (AS‐troh‐sy‐TOH‐mah) ❏ basal cell carcinoma (BAY‐sal SEL KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ benign (bee‐NINE) ❏ biopsy (BY‐awp‐see) ❏ bone marrow aspiration (BOHN MAIR‐oh AS‐pih‐RAY‐shun) ❏ bone marrow transplantation (BOHN MAIR‐oh TRANS‐plan‐TAY‐
shun) ❏ brachytherapy (BRAK‐ee‐THAIR‐ah‐pee) ❏ bronchogenic carcinoma (BRONG‐koh‐JEN‐ik KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ cancer (KAN‐ser) ❏ cancerous (KAN‐ser‐us) ❏ carcinoembryonic antigen (KAR‐sih‐noh‐EM‐bree‐AW‐nik AN‐tih‐
jen) ❏ carcinogen (kar‐SIN‐oh‐jen) ❏ carcinoid syndrome (KAR‐sih‐noyd SIN‐drohm) ❏ carcinoid tumor (KAR‐sih‐noyd TOO‐mor) ❏ carcinoma (KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ carcinomatosis (KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah‐TOH‐sis) ❏ cell (SEL) ❏ cellular (SEL‐yoo‐lar) ❏ central venous catheter (SEN‐tral VEE‐nus KATH‐eh‐ter) ❏ chemoembolization (KEE‐moh‐EM‐bol‐ih‐ZAY‐shun) ❏ chemotherapy (KEE‐moh‐THAIR‐ah‐pee) ❏ chemotherapy antibiotic drug (KEE‐moh‐THAIR‐ah‐pee AN‐tee‐by‐
AWT‐ik DRUHG) ❏ chemotherapy drug (KEE‐moh‐THAIR‐ah‐pee DRUHG) ❏ chemotherapy protocol (KEE‐moh‐THAIR‐ah‐pee PROH‐toh‐kawl) ❏ cholangiocarcinoma (koh‐LAN‐jee‐ oh‐KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ chondrosarcoma (CON‐droh‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ choriocarcinoma (KOH‐ree‐oh‐KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ chromosomal (KROH‐moh‐SOH‐mal) ❏ chromosome (KROH‐moh‐sohm) ❏ conformal radiotherapy (con‐FOR‐mal RAY‐dee‐oh‐THAIR‐ah‐pee) ❏ cryosurgery (KRY‐oh‐SER‐jer‐ee) ❏ cystectomy (sis‐TEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ cytoplasm (SY‐toh‐plazm) ❏ debulk (dee‐BULK) ❏ deoxyribonucleic acid (dee‐AWK‐see‐RY‐boh‐noo‐KLEE‐ik AS‐id) ❏ dysplastic (dis‐PLAS‐tik) ❏ electrosurgery (ee‐LEK‐troh‐SER‐jer‐ee) ❏ embryonal cell cancer (EM‐bree‐OH‐nal SEL KAN‐ser) ❏ en bloc resection (en BLAWK ree‐SEK‐shun) ❏ encapsulated tumor (en‐KAP‐soo‐LAY‐ted TOO‐mor) ❏ endometrial carcinoma (EN‐doh‐MEE‐tree‐al KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ endoplasmic reticulum (EN‐doh‐PLAS‐mik reh‐TIK‐yoo‐lum) ❏ endoscopy (en‐DAWS‐koh‐pee) ❏ Ewing’s sarcoma (YOO‐ingz sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ excision (ek‐SIH‐shun) ❏ excisional biopsy (ek‐SIH‐shun‐al BY‐awp‐see) ❏ exenteration (eks‐EN‐ter‐AA‐shun) ❏ exfoliative cytology (eks‐FOH‐lee‐ah‐TIV sy‐TAWL‐oh‐jee) ❏ exploratory laparotomy (eks‐PLOR‐ah‐TOR‐ee LAP‐ah‐RAW‐toh‐
mee) ❏ external beam radiotherapy (eks‐TER‐nal BEEM RAY‐dee‐oh‐
THAIR‐ah‐pee) ❏ fibrosarcoma (FY‐broh‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ fractionation (FRAK‐shun‐AA‐shun) ❏ gene (JEEN) ❏ genetic (jeh‐NET‐ik) ❏ glioblastoma multiforme (GLY‐oh‐blas‐TOH‐mah mul‐tih‐FOR‐may) ❏ Golgi apparatus (GOHL‐jee AP‐ah‐RAT‐us) ❏ hepatoblastoma (HEP‐ah‐toh‐blas‐TOH‐mah) ❏ hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP‐ah‐to‐SEL‐yoo‐lar KAR‐sih‐NOH‐
mah) ❏ heredity (heh‐RED‐ih‐tee) ❏ Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HAWJ‐kinz lim‐FOH‐mah) ❏ hormonal chemotherapy drug (hor‐MOH‐nal KEE‐moh‐ THAIR‐ah‐
pee DRUHG) ❏ human chorionic gonadotropin (HYOO‐man KOH‐ree‐AWN‐ik GOH‐
nad‐oh‐TROH‐pin) ❏ implantable port (im‐PLANT‐ah‐bl PORT) ❏ in situ (IN SY‐too) ❏ incisional biopsy (in‐SIH‐shun‐al BY‐awp‐see) ❏ internal radiotherapy (in‐TER‐nal RAY‐dee‐oh‐THAIR‐ah‐pee) ❏ interstitial radiotherapy (IN‐ter‐STISH‐al RAY‐dee‐oh‐THAIR‐ah‐
pee) ❏ intra‐arterial catheter (IN‐trah‐ar‐TEER‐ee‐al KATH‐eh‐ter) ❏ intracavitary radiotherapy (IN‐trah‐KAV‐ih‐TAIR‐ee RAY‐dee‐oh‐
THAIR‐ah‐pee) ❏ intracellular (IN‐trah‐SEL‐yoo‐lar) ❏ intraperitoneal catheter (IN‐trah‐PAIR‐ih‐toh‐NEE‐al KATH‐eh‐ter) ❏ intrathecal catheter (IN‐trah‐THEE‐kal KATH‐eh‐ter) ❏ intrathecal chemotherapy (IN‐trah‐THEE‐kal KEE‐moh‐THAIR‐ah‐
pee) ❏ intravenous radiotherapy (IN‐trah‐VEE‐nus RAY‐dee‐oh‐THAIR‐ah‐
❏ oligodendroglioma (OH‐lihgoh‐DEN‐droh‐glee‐OH‐mah) pee) ❏ intravesical chemotherapy (IN‐trah‐VES‐ih‐kal KEE‐moh‐THAIR‐ah‐
pee) ❏ invasive (in‐VAY‐siv) ❏ Kaposi’s sarcoma (KAH‐poh‐seez sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ karyotype (KAIR‐ee‐oh‐TYPE) ❏ leiomyosarcoma (LIE‐oh‐MY‐oh‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ leukemia (loo‐KEE‐mee‐ah) ❏ liposarcoma (LIP‐oh‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ lobectomy (loh‐BEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ lumpectomy (lum‐PEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ lymph node dissection (LIMF NOHD dy‐SEK‐shun) ❏ lymphadenopathy (LIM‐fad‐eh‐NAWP‐ah‐thee) ❏ lymphangiography (lim‐FAN‐jee‐AWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ lymphocytic leukemia (LIM‐foh‐SIT‐ik loo‐KEE‐mee‐ah) ❏ lymphoma (lim‐FOH‐mah) ❏ lysosome (LY‐soh‐sohm) ❏ malignant (mah‐LIG‐nant) ❏ malignant melanoma (mah‐ LIG‐nant MEL‐ah‐NOH‐mah) ❏ mammography (mah‐MAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ medical oncologist (MED‐ih‐kal ong‐KAWL‐oh‐jist) ❏ metastases (meh‐TAS‐tah‐seez) ❏ metastasis (meh‐TAS‐tah‐sis) ❏ metastasize (meh‐TAS‐tah‐size) ❏ metastatic (MET‐ah‐STAT‐ik) ❏ mitochondria (MY‐toh‐CON‐dree‐ah) ❏ mitochondrial (MY‐toh‐CON‐dree‐al) ❏ mitochondrion (MY‐toh‐CON‐dree‐on) ❏ mitosis (my‐TOH‐sis) ❏ mitosis inhibitor drug (my‐TOH‐sis in‐HIB‐ih‐tor DRUHG) ❏ monoclonal antibody (MAWN‐oh‐KLOH‐nal AN‐tee‐BAWD‐ee) ❏ multiple myeloma (MUL‐tih‐pl MY‐eh‐LOH‐mah) ❏ mutation (myoo‐TAY‐shun) ❏ myelogenous leukemia (MY‐eh‐LAW‐jeh‐nus loo‐KEE‐mee‐ah) ❏ myosarcoma (MY‐oh‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ neoplasia (NEE‐oh‐PLAY‐zee‐ah) ❏ neoplasm (NEE‐oh‐plazm) ❏ nephroblastoma (NEF‐roh‐blas‐TOH‐mah) ❏ neuroblastoma (NYOOR‐oh‐blas‐TOH‐mah) ❏ neurofibrosarcoma (NYOOR‐oh‐FY‐broh‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ nuclear (NOO‐klee‐ar) ❏ nuclei (NOO‐klee‐eye) ❏ nucleoli (noo‐KLEE‐oh‐lie) ❏ nucleolus (noo‐KLEE‐oh‐lus) ❏ nucleus (NOO‐klee‐us) ❏ oncogene (ONG‐koh‐jeen) ❏ oncologist (ong‐KAWL‐oh‐jist) ❏ oncology (ong‐KAWL‐oh‐jee) ❏ organelle (OR‐gah‐NEL) ❏ osteosarcoma (AWS‐tee‐oh‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PER‐kyoo‐TAY‐nee‐us RAY‐
dee‐oh‐FREE‐kwen‐see ah‐BLAY‐s hun) ❏ peripheral (peh‐RIF‐eh‐ral) ❏ platinum chemotherapy drug (PLAT‐ih‐num KEE‐moh‐THAIR‐ah‐
pee DRUHG) ❏ radiation (RAY‐dee‐AA‐shun) ❏ radiation oncologist (RAY‐dee‐AA‐shun ong‐KAWL‐oh‐jist) ❏ radical resection (RAD‐ih‐kal re‐SEK‐shun) ❏ radioresistant (RAY‐dee‐oh‐ree‐ZIS‐tant) ❏ radiosensitive (RAY‐dee‐oh‐SEN‐sih‐tiv) ❏ radiotherapy (RAY‐dee‐oh‐THAIR‐ah‐pee) ❏ receptor assay (ree‐SEP‐tor AS‐say) ❏ relapse (REE‐laps) ❏ remission (ree‐MISH‐un) ❏ resection (ree‐SEK‐shun) ❏ retinoblastoma (RET‐ih‐noh‐blas‐TOH‐mah) ❏ rhabdomyosarcoma (RAB‐doh‐MY‐oh‐sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ ribonucleic acid (RY‐boh‐noo‐KLEE‐ik AS‐id) ❏ ribosome (RY‐boh‐sohm) ❏ sarcoma (sar‐KOH‐mah) ❏ scintigraphy (sin‐TIG‐rah‐fee) ❏ seminoma (SEM‐ih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ sentinel lymph node (SEN‐tih‐nal LIMF NOHD) ❏ sentinel node biopsy (SEN‐tih‐nal NOHD BY‐awp‐see) ❏ squamous cell carcinoma (SKWAY‐mus SEL KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ stereotactic biopsy (STAIR‐eeoh‐ TAK‐tik BY‐awp‐see) ❏ suppressor gene (soo‐PRES‐or JEEN) ❏ teratoma (TAIR‐ah‐TOH‐mah) ❏ tomography (toh‐MAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ transarterial chemoembolization (TRANS‐ar‐TEER‐ee‐al KEE‐moh‐
EM‐bol‐ih‐ZAY‐shun) ❏ transitional cell carcinoma (trans‐ZIH‐shun‐al SEL KAR‐sih‐NOH‐
mah) ❏ translocation (TRANS‐loh‐KAY‐shun) ❏ tumor (TOO‐mor) ❏ tumor necrosis factor (TOOmor neh‐KROH‐sis FAK‐tor) ❏ ultrasonography (UL‐trah‐soh‐NAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ undifferentiated (un‐DIF‐er‐EN‐shee‐AA‐ted) ❏ urinalysis (YOO‐rih‐NAL‐ih‐sis) ❏ Wilms’ tumor (WILMZ TOO‐mor)