Download Chapter 5

Technology in Action
Chapter 5
Using System Software:
The Operating System, Utility Programs, and
File Management
© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1
System Software: The OS
• Controls computer functions
–
–
–
–
Hardware
Processor
Memory
Devices
• Provides means for software to work with the
CPU
• Responsible for management, scheduling,
and interaction of tasks
• Provides user interface
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2
System Software: Utilities
• Utilities: Programs that perform computer
housekeeping tasks
– Manage system resources
– Improve efficiency
– Virus prevention
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Operating System Categories
• Four categories:
– Real-Time (RTOS)
– Single-User, Single-Task
– Single-User, Multitask
– Multiuser
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Real-Time Operating Systems
• Systems with a
specific purpose and
a certain result
• Uses include:
–
–
–
–
–
Industrial machines
Robotic equipment
Automobiles
Video game consoles
Home appliances
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Single-User Operating Systems
Single-task systems
• Perform one task at a time
• PDAs:
– Pocket PC
– Palm OS
– Windows Mobile
Multitask systems
•
•
•
•
Perform simultaneous tasks
Windows
MAC OS
Linux
• MS-DOS
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Multiuser Operating Systems
• Known as network operating systems
• Allow access to the computer system by more
than one user
• Manage user requests
• Systems include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Linux
UNIX
Novell Netware
Windows Server 2003
Windows XP
Windows Vista
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Desktop and Notebook
Operating Systems
• Operating system combined with the processor
is known as a platform
– Microsoft Windows/Intel
– Apple Macintosh/Motorola
• Desktop and notebook operating systems
include:
–
–
–
–
Microsoft Windows
MAC OS
Linux
UNIX
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Microsoft Windows
• Click to view the various Windows systems
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
XP
2000
ME
NT
98
95
3.x
1.0
2.0
(2001)
(2000)
(1993)
(1998)
(1995)
(1990(1985)
(1987)
1992)
© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Introduces
Fundamentally
First
widely
This
operating
Includes
This
upgrade
better
This
upgrade
This
upgrade
different
used
point-and-click
PC
system
runs
Offers
a new
graphics
toWindows
Windows
to
NT
includes
faster
operating
graphical
commands
user
with
multi-user
capabilities
95 and
and
offers
additional
file
and
more
system
interface
a
mousewith
and
(GUI)
desktop
as
introduces
Windows
98
improvements
efficiently,
protection
and
increased
operating
includes
modest
well
as
keyboard
includes
to
file security
introduces
Plug
incorporates
security,
system.
multitasking
power,
improved
shortcuts
system
and
and
Play
and
Internet
Internet
performance,
Improved
capabilities
and
digital
media
the
backup
ability
and
to
capabilities,
long
support.
Explorer
4.0,
and
point-and-click
desktop
features
and a
overlap
multimedia
file
names, shortcustomizable
multitasking
mouse
applications.
Internet
cut
windows.
capabilities
taskbar,
and
scheduler.
operations
and
right-click
capabilities.
(such asmenus,
desktop
and
a cleaner
multitasking
Media
Player).
features
desktop.
capabilities.
9
MAC OS
• First commercially
available OS with
point-and-click
technology (graphical
user interface)
• Excellent in:
– Graphics display
– Processing
capabilities
– System reliability
– Document recovery
• Fewer software
applications available
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10
Linux
• Open-source operating
system
• Based on UNIX
• Stable system
• Free
• May be downloaded
through the Internet
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Operating Systems for
Servers and Mainframes
• Servers
– Manage network resources
• Mainframes
– Handle requests from hundreds or thousands
of users simultaneously
• Operating Systems:
– Windows Server
– Unix
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UNIX
• Multiuser, multitask operating system
• Used primarily with mainframes
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What the OS Does
•
•
•
•
Provides user interface
Manages the CPU
Manages memory and storage
Manages hardware and peripheral
devices
• Coordinates application software with the
CPU
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The User Interface
• Enables you to
interact with the Command-driven
computer
• Types of interfaces:
– Command-driven
interface
– Menu-driven
interface
– Graphical user
interface (GUI)
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Processor Management
• Controls the timing of events the
processor works on
– Interrupts
– Interrupt handler
– Interrupt table
– Stack
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Memory and Storage
Management
• The operating system allocates space in
RAM for instructions and data
RAM
Operating
System
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Virtual Memory
• Instructions and data are stored on the
hard drive when RAM is full
– Swap file
– Paging
– Thrashing
FULL
Operating
System
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Hardware and Peripheral Device
Management
• Device drivers
– Programs that enable the operating system to
communicate with peripheral devices
– Provided by the manufacturer of the device
• Plug and Play
– Hardware and software standard
– Facilitates the installation of new hardware
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Software Application Coordination
• Application programming interfaces (APIs)
– Blocks of code contained in the operating
system
– Coordinates the operating system with
software applications
• Similar toolbars and menus
– Microsoft DirectX
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Starting the Computer
The Boot Process
• Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated
• Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware
• Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM
• Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked
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Handling Errors in the
Boot Process
• Safe mode
– Windows
does not
boot properly
– Try rebooting
– Uninstall any
new devices
or software
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The Desktop
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Windows
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File Management
• The operating system provides an
organizational structure for the computer’s
contents
• Hierarchical structure of directories
– Drives
• Folders
Subfolders
» Files
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File Management
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Viewing and Sorting
Files and Folders
• Large
Icon
view
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Naming Files
• Filename: Name
assigned plus
filename extension
• Characters not legal
in Windows filenames:
“/\*?<>|:
• Character not legal in
Mac filenames:
:
© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Bioreport.doc
or
Bio report.doc
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Filename Extensions
Extension
Type of Document
Application
.doc
Word-processing document
Microsoft Word 2003
.docx
Word-processing document
Microsoft Word 2007
.wks
Word-processing document
Microsoft Works word
processing
.wpd
Word-processing document
Corel WordPerfect
.xls
Spreadsheet
Microsoft Excel
.slr
Spreadsheet
Microsoft Works
spreadsheet
.mdb
Database
Microsoft Access
.ppt
PowerPoint Presentation
Microsoft PowerPoint
.pdf
Portable Document Format
Adobe Acrobat or Adobe
Reader
© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Filename Extensions (cont.)
Extension
Type of Document
Application
.rtf
Text
Any program that can read
text documents
.txt
Text
Any program that can read
text documents
.htm or .html
Web page
HyperText Markup
Language
.bmp
Bitmap image
Windows
.zip
Compressed file
WinZip
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File Path
• File path: Location of the file
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Working with Files
• File management actions:
–
–
–
–
–
Open
Copy
Move
Rename
Delete
• Recycle Bin
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Utility Programs
• Small programs that perform special
functions:
– Manage system resources
– Create pleasant environment
– Improve efficiency
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Display Utilities
• Change the appearance of:
– Desktop
– Windows colors
– Font sizes
• Includes:
– Screen savers
– Screen resolution
– Clear Type
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Add or Remove Programs
• Installation wizard
• Uninstall wizard:
– Programs cannot simply be deleted
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File Compression Utilities
• Reduce the size of a file
• Takes out redundancies
• Makes it easier and faster to send files over
the Internet
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System Maintenance Utilities
• Disk cleanup: Cleans unnecessary files
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System Maintenance Utilities
• Disk defragmenter
• ScanDisk:
– Error-checker
• Task Manager
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System Restore
• Restores system settings to specific
date
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System Backup
• Backup
– Creates copy of hard drive to another storage
device
• Task Scheduler
– Runs selected utilities automatically
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Accessibility Utilities
• Ease of Access Center
– Centralized location for assistive
technology
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