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On-Site Challenge: Water Harvesting Terms and Concepts Quiz 4 (Use the terms & concepts list in the MESA Day Handbook along with the “Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands” resource book) This is a structure that decreases storm-water flow from a site by temporarily holding the runoff onsite. It is called a _________ or __________ basin. ANSWER: detention or retention basin Water flowing into retention basin A large-scale retention basin that doubles as a recreation site when not holding water. Hard-water is a characteristic of water in which it contains dissolved _________ and _________ Examples of hard-water mineral deposits on water fixtures. ANSWER: calcium and magnesium Diagram shows how minerals make their way into our household water The pictures below are examples of a waterharvesting earthwork that is laid perpendicular to land slope & consists of an excavated basin and a raised berm located just downslope of the basin. What is it called? ___________ and ____________ ANSWER: Berm and Basin Water containing little or no calcium or magnesium is called ________ ANSWER: Soft-water A landscaped level-bottomed, relatively shallow depression dug into the earth that collects, infiltrates, and utilizes the rainfall, drainage from the area, and grey water is called an _________ ________ ANSWER: Infiltration basin The total area of a landscape draining or contributing water to a particular site or drainage is called a __________ ANSWER: Watershed WATERSHED MAP SHOWING MAJOR RIVER WATERSHEDS IN NEW MEXICO A gently sloping drainage-way that moves water slowly downslope across a landscape, while simultaneously allowing some of it to infiltrate into the soil is called a __________ _________ ANSWER: Diversion swale Water is slowly running across the landscape and seeping into the ground in this diversion swale When water completely fills the pore space in soil it is called ______ ______ ANSWER: Saturated soil UNSATURATED SOIL PARTICLES SATURATED SOIL PARTICLES A modified system of boomerang berms connected directly to one another, concentrating harvested runoff at multiple points in the landscape is called a ____ and ____ _______ ANSWER: Net and pan system A completed system looks like a “net” of berms draped over a hillside with “pans” or basins inside each segment of the net. The amount of rainwater falling onto a site and runoff flowing into a site, minus the amount of water lost to runoff is called the ______ _______ _________ ANSWER: Onsite water budget The water that runs off a surface when more rain falls than the surface can absorb is called ________. ANSWER: Runoff