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VERBS
ACTION, TRANSITIVE, INTRANSITIVE, LINKING, PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE,
MAIN, HELPING, AND IRREGULAR
ACTION VERBS
AN ACTION VERB IS A WORD THAT NAMES AN ACTION. IT MAY CONTAIN MORE THAN ONE
WORD.
ACTION VERBS CAN EXPRESS PHYSICAL ACTIONS, SUCH AS WRITING AND RUNNING, OR
MENTAL ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS THINKING AND HONORING.
Action verbs
Physical
write, block, tackle, attack, catch, charge
Mental
remember, honor
IDENTIFY THE ACTION VERB IN EACH SENTENCE.
THE FRENCH PROBABLY INVENTED TENNIS IN ABOUT 1150.
INVENTED
AT ONE TIME, PEOPLE CALLED THE GAME LAWN TEENIS.
CALLED
IN 1874 MARY E. OUTERBRIDGE OBSERVED TENNIS IN BERMUDA.
OBSERVED
SHE BROUGHT A NET, TENNIS BALLS, AND RACQUETS BACK TO THE UNITED STATES.
BROUGHT
SHE ESTABLISHED THE FIRST COURT IN NEW YORK CITY.
ESTABLISHED
DIRECT OBJECTS, TRANSITIVE, AND INTRANSITIVE
VERBS
A DIRECT OBJECT RECEIVES THE ACTION OF A VERB. IT ANSWERS THE QUESTION WHOM? OR
WHAT? AFTER AN ACTION VERB.
EVERY SENTENCE HAS A SUBJECT AND A PREDICATE. IN SOME SENTENCES THE PREDICATE
CONSISTS OF ONLY AN ACTION VERB. USUALLY SENTENCES PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION.
THE PREDICATE OFTEN NAMES WHO OR WHAT RECEIVED THE ACTION OF THE VERB.
 THE PUNTER KICKS THE FOOTBALL.
Direct
object
DIRECT OBJECTS, TRANSITIVE, AND INTRANSITIVE
VERBS
A VERB CAN ALSO HAVE A COMPOUND DIRECT OBJECT, THAT IS, IT CAN HAVE MORE THAN
ONE DIRECT OBJECT.
 THE TEAM CARRIED GLOVES AND BATS INTO THE STADIUM.
SOMETIMES THE ACTION VERB DOES NOT HAVE A DIRECT OBJECT.
 THE TEAM PLAYED WELL.
A TRANSITIVE VERB HAS A DIRECT OBJECT.
AN INTRANSITIVE VERB DOES NOT HAVE A DIRECT OBJECT.
IDENTIFY THE ACTION VERB. DECIDE WHETHER IT IS
TRANSITIVE OR INTRANSITIVE. IF IT IS TRANSITIVE,
IDENTIFY THE DIRECT OBJECT.
FEW ATHLETES RIVAL JIM THORPE.
TRANSITIVE
THORPE GAINED FAME AS ONE OF THE GREATEST ATHLETES IN HISTORY.
TRANSITIVE
JIM THORPE RAN FAST AS A BOY IN OKLAHOMA.
INTRANSITIVE
THORPE CAME FROM A NATIVE AMERICAN FAMILY.
INTRANSITIVE
IN 1909 JIM THORPE ENTERED CARLISLE COLLEGE.
TRANSITIVE
INDIRECT OBJECTS
 SOMETIMES TWO KINDS OF OBJECTS FOLLOW AN ACTION VERB. THE OBJECT THAT DIRECTLY RECEIVES THE
ACTION OF THE VERB IS THE DIRECT OBJECT. THE OBJECT THAT TELLS TO WHOM OR FOR WHOM THE ACTION
IS DONE IS CALLED THE INDIRECT OBJECT.
AN INDIRECT OBJECT ANSWERS THE QUESTION TO WHOM? OR FOR WHOM? AN ACTION IS DONE.
what?
MICHAEL JORDAN SHOWS HIS TEAMMATES NEW SHOTS.
Indirect Object
to whom?
*AN INDIRECT OBJECT APPEARS ONLY IN A SENTENCE THAT HAS A DIRECT OBJECT.*
IDENTIFY WHETHER THE SENTENCE CONTAINS A
DIRECT OBJECT OR AN INDIRECT OBJECT.
THE TOURNAMENT SOMETIMES ATTRACTS GOOD ATHLETES.
ATHLETES-DIRECT OBJECT
THE UNIVERSITY GAVE THE TOURNAMENT ITS SUPPORT.
SUPPORT-DIRECT OBJECT TOURNAMENT-INDIRECT OBJECT
THE LEVEL OF PLAY INTERESTED THE ONLOOKERS.
ONLOOKERS-DIRECT OBJECT
ONE PLAYER EARNED HIS TEAM A THREE-POINT EDGE.
EDGE-DIRECT OBJECT
TEAM-INDIRECT OBJECT
FOR A FEW MINUTES, NO PLAYER COULD STOP HIM.
HIM-DIRECT OBJECT
LINKING VERBS AND PREDICATE WORDS
ACTION VERBS TELL WHAT THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE DOES. OTHER VERBS TELL WHAT THE
SUBJECT IS OR IS LIKE. THESE VERBS ARE CALLED LINKING VERBS.
A LINKING VERB CONNECTS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE WITH A NOUN OR AN ADJECTIVE IN
THE PREDICATE.
JOHN MCGRAW WAS THE MANAGER.
Linking Verb
LINKING VERBS AND PREDICATE WORDS
A PREDICATE NOUN IS A NOUN THAT FOLLOWS A LINKING VERB. IT TELLS WHAT THE SUBJECT
IS.
A PREDICATE ADJECTIVE IS AN ADJECTIVE THAT FOLLOWS A LINKING VERB. IT DESCRIBES THE
SUBJECT BY TELLING WHAT IT IS LIKE.
SAM IS A PITCHER. (PREDICATE NOUN)
THE PITCHER IS SKILLFUL. (PREDICATE ADJECTIVE)
LINKING VERBS AND PREDICATE WORDS
COMMON LINKING VERBS
• BE
• BECOME
• SEEM
• APPEAR
• LOOK
• GROW
• TURN
• TASTE
• FEEL
• SMELL
• SOUND
*Be careful-many linking verbs can also be
action verbs!*
Example: Chandra turned thirteen. (linking)
The car turned the corner. (action)
FIND THE VERB IN THE SENTENCE AND IDENTIFY WHETHER IT
IS ACTION OR LINKING. IF IT IS A LINKING VERB-IDENTIFY
WHETHER YOU ALSO HAVE A PREDICATE NOUN OR
ADJECTIVE.
OUR PITCHER APPEARS VERY NERVOUS TODAY.
APPEARS-LINKING NERVOUS-PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
HE SHOWS A SERIOUS LACK OF CONCENTRATION.
SHOWS-ACTION
THE CATCHER RAN VERY QUICKLY.
RAN-ACTION
SHE SEEMS QUITE AGILE.
SEEMS-LINKING AGILE-PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
PRESENT, PAST, AND FUTURE TENSES
THE PRESENT TENSE OF A VERB NAMES AN ACTION THAT IS HAPPENING NOW OR THAT
HAPPENS REGULARLY. IT CAN ALSO EXPRESS A GENERAL TRUTH.
THE PAST TENSE OF A VERB MEANS AN ACTION THAT ALREADY HAPPENED.
THE FUTURE TENSE OF A VERB NAMES AN ACTION THAT WILL TAKE PLACE IN THE FUTURE.
IDENTIFY THE VERB IN EACH SENTENCE AND THEN
WHETHER IT IS PRESENT, PAST, OR FUTURE.
WILLIAM RUDOLPH ENTERED MANY RACES IN THE 1950S.
ENTERED-PAST
SHE GAINED VICTORY IN A GREAT MANY OF THOSE.
GAINED-PAST
IN FUTURE YEARS, PEOPLE WILL REMEMBER HER SUCCESS ON THE TRACK.
WILL REMEMBER-FUTURE
HER MEDAL PROVES THE IMPORTANCE OF HARD WORK.
PROVES-PRESENT
IN THE YEARS AHEAD, YOUNG RUNNERS, WILL FOLLOW RUDOLPH’S EXAMPLE.
WILL FOLLOW-FUTURE
MAIN VERBS AND HELPING VERBS
A HELPING VERB IS A VERB THAT COMPLETES THE MEANING OF THE MAIN VERB.
A VERB PHRASE CONSISTS OF ONE OR MORE HELPING VERBS FOLLOWED BY A MAIN VERB.
THE STUDENTS ARE JUMPING ROPE NOW.
ARE IS THE HELPING VERB AND JUMPING IS THE MAIN VERB.
HELPING+MAIN=VERBPHRASE
ARE JUMPING=VERB PHRASE
MAIN VERB IS ALSO A PARTICIPLE: PRESENT=ING PAST=ED
IDENTIFY THE VERB PHRASE. DECIDE WHETHER IT IS
PRESENT OR PAST PARTICIPLE.
WE ARE LEARNING ABOUT ARCHERY THIS YEAR.
ARE LEARNING-PRESENT
MANY PEOPLE ARE PLAYING IN TOURNAMENTS EACH YEAR.
ARE PLAYING-PRESENT
TOURNAMENTS HAVE INCREASED PEOPLE’S INTEREST IN ARCHERY.
HAVE INCREASED-PAST
A GOOD ARCHER IS PLANNING EACH AND EVERY SHOT.
IS PLANNING-PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE FORMS
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE FORM OF A VERB NAMES AN ACTION OR CONDITION THAT IS CONTINUING IN THE
PRESENT.
I AM ENJOYING THIS BASEBALL GAME AT CANDLESTICK PARK.
THE HOME TEAM IS WINNING AT THE MOMENT.
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE FORM OF A VERB NAMES AN ACTION OR CONDITION THAT CONTINUES FOR SOME
TIME IN THE PAST.
THEY WERE WINNING THE GAME.
DECIDE WHETHER THE VERB IS PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
OR PAST PROGRESSIVE.
SOCCER IS DEVELOPING INTO THE MOST POPULAR SPORT IN THE WORLD.
PRESENT
I AM WATCHING A GREAT SOCCER GAME ON TELEVISION NOW.
PRESENT
THE PLAYERS ARE TRYING VERY HARD.
PRESENT
YESTERDAY FANS WERE CHEERING THIS SAME TEAM.
PAST
EVERY PLAYER WAS GAINING MY UNDIVIDED ATTENTION.
PAST
PERFECT TENSES
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE OF A VERB NAMES AN ACTION THAT HAPPENED AT AN INDEFINITE TIME IN THE
PAST. IT ALSO TELLS ABOUT AN ACTION THAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST AND IS STILL HAPPENING NOW.
MY FAMILY HAS ATTENDED MANY SPORTS EVENTS.
WE HAVE WATCHED BASEBALL GAMES FOR YEARS.
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE OF A VERB NAMES AN ACTION THAT HAPPENED BEFORE ANOTHER ACTION OR AN
EVENT IN THE PAST.
BY THE TIME WE FOUND OUR SEATS, THE GAME HAD ALREADY STARTED.
I HAD NEVER SEEN A BASEBALL GAME BEFORE.
DECIDE WHETHER THE VERB IS PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE OR PAST PERFECT TENSE.
THE SKATER HAD EARNED A MEDAL BY THE AGE OF SIX.
PAST
SHE HAD WANTED A PLACE ON HER SCHOOL’S SKATING TEAM.
PAST
SOME PLAYERS HAVE RECOGNIZED THE NEED FOR PRACTICE.
PRESENT
THE SPEED SKATED HAD TRIED TWICE BEFORE.
PAST
THEY HAVE STARTED THEIR WARM-UP ROUTINES.
PRESENT