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Medieval Drama Folk plays mumming Folk Plays • Non-religious plays • Performed in the countryside • Sometimes they funny with much clowning around and physical humor. • Sometimes were adventurous and dramatic • Often base on traditional Folk tales such as Robin Hood. • Actors wore masks Folk Plays • The plays included drama and comedies • The dramas had common stories like Robin Hood etc. • The comedies were very physical Other types of entertainment • Minstrels-a medieval singer or musician, especially one who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the nobility. • Troubadours- a French medieval lyric poet composing and singing in Provençal in the 11th to 13th centuries, especially on the theme of courtly love. Religious Theater • Theater of the Middle Ages is most associated with the plays that originated in the Roman Catholic Church. • Many people of the era were not educated. • The plays developed as a way to teach the population. • The Church was reacting to excesses of the Roman era as Christianity was taking hold throughout Europe. Three types of Official plays • Mystery play • Miracle play • Morality play Mystery play • Stories about the Bible. • They included the cycle plays. • A typical play could be about Adam and Eve, The Last Supper, The Resurrection or any Biblical play. Mystery Plays continued • Plays were not always serious - humor helped connect to the uneducated audience - When the guilds took over, they were no longer being produced by the Church. • The probable reason that they are called “Mystery” plays is that mystery also means “religious truth.” 4 intact Cycle plays • • • • Wakefield York Chester N-town (N stands for “nomen” which means name. mansion Fixed stages that did not move. The audience moved from stage to stage to view Each cycle play. Some cycles could take all day or several days. Pageant wagon• Plays became very popular • Craft guilds took over • Used moveable stages that went from town to town (Pageant wagons) Morality Plays • The first play The Castle of Perseverance • The focus on the common man and represent all humanity. • Major theme- Man’s free will to overcome vice and temptation in order to get to Heaven. Allegory • Morality plays used allegory • Definition- a story in which the characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about human life or for a political or historical situation. Source: Merriam-Webster's • The characters in the plays represented values, vices, and virtues. • Example characters: Death, Knowledge Mercy, Mischief, Good Deeds, Beauty Most Famous Morality Play Miracle plays • Writers: Jean Bodel and Retebeuf • Focus is on the lives of the Roman Catholic Saints and the miracles they performed • Flourished in France. • Banned in England because they were tied to Roman Catholic Church Works cited “Trumbell, Eric W. “Medieval Theatre.” Introduction to Drama Online Course. Northern Virginia Community College. 16 Nov. 2007. Web. 25 October 2016. “Medieval Drama: An Introduction to Middle English Plays.” Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature. Anniina Jokinen. 19 April 2007. Web. 25 October 2016. “Medieval Theatre: Mystery, Miracle, Morality.“ Theatrefolk. Web. 25 October 2016 https://www.theatrefolk.com/spotlights/72/download.