Download Korean War and Vietnam War

Korean War and Vietnam War
Journal 11-11
1. What was the Cold War?
2. What country was divided into two halves and
controlled by 4 different countries?
3. What’d the Marshall Plan do?
4. What do the United Nations, NATO, and the Warsaw
Pact do?
5. What’s the Truman Doctrine?
6. What’s an arms race?
The Korean War
• 1. The United States became
involved in the Korean War in
1950 when communist North
Korea invaded democratic South
Korea.
• 2. The United States fought with
South Korea to stop communism.
• China entered the Korean War on
the side of North Korea.
The Korean War
3. The was ended in a stalemate,
North Korea remaining communist
and South Korea democratic. A
truce was signed in 1953. North
and South Korea remain divided
along the 38th parallel today.
• stalemate: a draw, in which neither
side can win.
Vietnam War
• The United States began providing
economic aid to the French in Vietnam as
part of the American policy of
containment.
• French Indochina & Geneva Accords
• Ho Chi Minh & Ngo Dinh Diem
• 4. In the 1950s and 1960s, communist
North Vietnam attempted to force a
communist government in South
Vietnam. The United States provided
assistance to South Vietnam to resist.
American Involvement in Vietnam
• 5. United States military
participation in Vietnam increased
during the presidencies of John F.
Kennedy (1961-1963) and Lyndon
B. Johnson (LBJ) (1963-1969).
• 6. American military forces
repeatedly defeated North
Vietnam but were unable to force
an end to the war through a
“limited” war (little involvement).
Protests Against Vietnam
7. Americans became deeply
divided over the Vietnam War.
War protests took place,
especially on college campuses.
• Kent State Shooting, 1970
8. President Lyndon B. Johnson
decided not to run for reelection. Richard Nixon was
elected president in 1968 in the
middle of the Vietnam War.
The End of the War in Vietnam
9. “Vietnamization” was Nixon’s plan to
withdraw American troops and replace
them with U.S.-supplied South Vietnamese
forces. It was unsuccessful because South
Vietnamese forces were unable to resist
invasion from Soviet-supplied North
Vietnam.
10. A peace agreement was signed in 1973,
and United States troops left Vietnam. In
1975, North Vietnam invaded South
Vietnam, which was unable to resist.
Vietnam became a united country under a
communist government.
Timeline of Vietnam
• French colonialism in Vietnam: 1800s-1941.
• Japan took over Vietnam during WWII, but when Japan was defeated in 1945,
Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence.
• But French came back in and tried to take over again; U.S. supported French.
The French lost in 1954.
• 1954: Geneva Convention split the country into North and South, with the
idea that there would be free elections in the near future.
• (U.S. DID NOT sign Geneva Accords, for fear that Communists would win the
general elections).
• U.S. supported South Vietnam leader, Diem. But Diem turned out to be
oppressive and unpopular. He canceled elections, repressed Buddhists; caused
major discontent in South Vietnam.
Timeline of Vietnam
• U.S. feared that Diem’s unpopularity will push more South Vietnamese to
support Communists. So they supported a coup and Diem was overthrown
and assassinated—Nov. 1, 1963.
• JFK assassinated only weeks later. LBJ inherited the problem in Vietnam.
• Under new weak South Vietnam government, support for Communism
grew; North Vietnam smuggled weapons into South Vietnam to support
Communist insurgents through a network of trails through Laos and
Cambodia (Ho Chi Minh trails).
• Aug. 2, 1964- North Vietnamese attacked U.S.S. Maddox; Aug. 4. –another
attack provided grounds for Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (second attack
turned out to be fake—never happened).
• President Johnson asked Congress to pass Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
which gave him authorization to use military force in Vietnam (not a
declaration of war).