Download Development? Key Issue

International
Development
LQ’s for Development – chapter 9
1) Why does development vary among
countries?
2) Where are more and less developed countries
distributed?
3) How does development affect gender?
4) Why do LDC’s face obstacles to development?
The single most important
geographic fact of
development is its striking
UNEVENNESS.
What is development?
What does it mean to
be developed?
Developing?
Development:
evolution, growth, expansion,
enlargement, progress
More Developed Country (MDC):
have a highly developed economy and advanced technological
infrastructure. The criteria for evaluating the degree of
economic development are gross domestic product (GDP),
the per capita income,
level of industrialization,
amount of widespread
infrastructure and
general standard of living.
Development:
evolution, growth, expansion,
enlargement, progress
Less Developed Country
(LDC):
Meets three criteria:



Poverty
Human resource weakness
(poor nutrition, health,
education and adult literacy)
Economic vulnerability:
unstable agricultural
production, lacking exports of
goods and services, and the
percentage of population
displaced by natural disasters
Human Development Index
(HDI)
 Developed by the United
Nations, the HDI
combines several
measures of
development: life
expectancy at birth,
adjusted GDP per
capita, and knowledge
(schooling and literacy).
Indicators of Development
1. GDP
293-294
2. Types of jobs &
productivity 294-295
3. Raw Materials 295
4. Consumer Goods 295-296
5. Education/Literacy
297
6. Health and Welfare 298
Life Expectancy, Infant
Mortality Rate 300
8. Natural Increase Rate, Crude
Birth Rate 300-301
7.
Thoroughly explain the
concept(s), include any
vocab associated, draw
a picture.
What Do We Mean By
Development? Key Issue 1…
 The three objectives of development



increases in availability and
improvements in the distribution of food,
shelter, health, protection, etc.
improvements in ‘levels of living,’
including higher incomes, more jobs, better
education, etc.
expansions in the range of economic and
social choices available to individuals and
nations
What is the Human
Development Index?
(HDI)
Measuring Development - HDI
United Nations Development Program Overview 2005
Click for Animated Graphs
 Economic Indicators


Gross Domestic Product (GDP, also GNI, PPP)
Types of Work (Economic Sectors)
 Social Indicators


Education and Literacy
Health and Welfare
 Demographic Indicators



Life Expectancy (37 - 80 years)
Infant Mortality (<10 - >100 per thousand)
Natural Increase (0 - 4.7 %)
http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
 Gross domestic product: value of total output of goods
and services produced in a country.
 Gini coefficient:
income distribution
of a nation’s
residents, who has
what out of the
total income?
Upper, middle, or
lower class?
WATCH THIS!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=QPKKQnijnsM
 GNI: Gross national income, the total domestic and
foreign output claimed by residents of a country,
consisting of gross domestic product (GDP) plus
factor incomes earned by foreign residents.
 PPP: purchasing power parity,
compares currencies, what your
currency can buy in another country
that uses another currency
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
 Primary sector: directly extract materials from Earth
through agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry
 Secondary sector: includes manufacturers that process,
transform, and assemble raw materials into useful
products
 Tertiary sector: involves the provision of goods and
services to people in exchange for payment.
Types of Jobs:
Comparing MDC vs. LDC
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
• **Quinary sector: jobs in health, education, research,
government, retailing, tourism, and recreation.
 **Quaternary sector: jobs in business services such as
trade, insurance, banking, advertising, and wholesaling.
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
 Productivity: value of a particular product compared to
the amount of labor needed to make it.
 Value added: gross value of the product minus the cost
of raw materials and energy.

Gross=total
Why have primary
and secondary jobs
declined in MDC’s in
recent years???
What are businesses
doing?
***New International
OUTSOURCING!
Division of Labor!!!***
What does AP call
this?
Social Indicators
 Access to healthcare



8% is spent on healthcare in MDC, 6% in LDC
MDC = more calories per day
Public healthcare: Obamacare (ACA), Europe’s
healthcare system
 Social Security, public assistance
 Sanitation and utility (gas, power)services
 Education and Literacy


Average schooling years: 10 years in MDC’s, a
couple years in LDC’s
Student/teacher ratio is twice as high in MDC’s
Measuring Development
 Social Indicators

Education and Literacy
Measuring Development
 Social Indicators

Health and Welfare
Demographic Indicators
 Life Expectancy: 60’s in LDC, 70’s MDC








Young people is 6 times higher than old people
in LDC
Literacy
Infant Mortality
NIR
CBR
GII: Gender Inequality index
GDI: Gender related Development Index
GEM: Gender empowerment index
Key Issues 2 & 3
2: Where are more and less
developed countries distributed?
3: Where does level of
development vary by gender?
Let’s read intro to Key
Issue 2 on page 301
Location of More and Less
Developed Countries
Development generally reflects a North-South split in
the world.
Why the HDI?
Read about your
assignmed region and tell us something
about it! Pages 301-309
MDC
LDC
1. Anglo-America: 0.94
2. Western Europe:
0.93
3. Eastern Europe:
0.80*
4. Japan 0.94*
5. South Pacific: 0.87
6. Latin America: 0.80
7. East Asia: 0.76
8. Middle East: 0.68
9. Southeast Asia 0.58
10.South Asia: 0.58
11.Sub-Saharan Africa:
0.51