Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
CHAPTER 9: DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT BASICS Development: the process of improving material conditions of people through dif fusion of knowledge and technology. Continuous process (never-ending) MDC’s (developed countries) vs. LDC’s (developing countries) Where are MDC’s/LDC’s? Clustering of LDC’s & MDC’s in spaces Why are some areas more developed? Economic, social, & demographic indicators Scale of economic downturn af fects ALL countries Scale of global “recession” shows connections Globalization of economy combined with recession has encourage local diversity DEVELOPMENT BASICS UN Millennium Development Goals : 1 End poverty & hunger 2 Universal primary education 3 Promote gender equality & empower women 4 Reduce child mortality 5 Improve maternal health 6 Combat disease 7 Ensure environmental sustainability 8 Develop a global partnership for development KI #1: WHY DOES DEVELOPMENT VARY AMONG COUNTRIES? Human Development Index (HDI): economic, social, & demographic indicators Economic Indicators of Development GDP per capita Types of Jobs Primary Secondary Tertiary Productivity Consumer Goods Social Indicators of Development Education & Literacy Health & Welfare Demographic Indicators of Development Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality, NIR, CBR KI #2: WHERE ARE MDC’S & LDC’S DISTRIBUTED? North-South Split (30°N) More Developed Regions N. America Europe Russia Japan Oceania Less Developed Regions Latin America E. Asia SW Asia & N. Africa SE Asia Central Asia S. Asia Sub-Saharan Africa KI #3: WHERE DOES LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT VARY BY GENDER? Gender-Related Development Index Economic Indicator of Gender Differences Social Indicators of Gender Differences Demographic indicator of Gender Differences Gender Empowerment Economic Indicators of Empowerment Political Indicators of Empowerment KI #4: WHY DO LDC’S FACE OBSTACLES TO DEVELOPMENT? Development Through Self -Sufficiency Elements of Self-Sufficiency Problems with Self-Sufficiency Development Through International Trade Rostow’s Development Model International Trade Approach Problems with ITA International Trade Approach Triumphs World Trade Organization Foreign Direct Investment Financing Development Loans Structural Adjustment Programs Fair Trade Producer Standards Worker Standards