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1250-1522 A.D. <- LAKE TEXCOCO Located in the Valley of Mexico around Lake Texcoco Legend said find a cactus with a bird perched that had a snake in its mouth Land dry Aztecs shifted from hunting to farming Capital city Tenochtitlán – present day Mexico city Located in the middle of a lake Linked to mainland by strips of land Teotihuacán Dominated the Valley of Mexico from 100-750 A.D. Aztecs had one king/emperor who ruled over all – chosen by a council of nobles and priests Nobles served as judges, officials, and governors Wore elaborate gold jewelry Most crimes punishable by death or being sold into slavery Economy based on agriculture Farming Chinampas – “floating gardens” on reed mats piled with earth Filled in lakes and made channels for irrigation Grew corn, squash, and beans Aztecs conquered others and made them pay tribute, or money paid by conquered people Polytheistic Chief god was Huitzilopochtli, the sun God Fought with darkness each night to raise the sun No promise the sun would win and rise Sacrifice ensured sun would rise Human sacrifice About 20,000 per year Bodies taken to the top of pyramids ,chests were cut open, heart ripped out, and body thrown off Mostly prisoners of war, some slaves, some nobles Constant warfare necessary to have enough prisoners of war around to sacrifice Some historians say bodies were sometimes eaten by royalty Emperor Nobles Priests who appointed King and conducted rituals Merchants who took goods like weapons and rope for skins and cocoa Carried goods on their backs by a strap over their foreheads Traded by feet or by small boat Also served as spies Commoners who farmed land Warriors who could rise in status by capturing and killing enemies Landless peasants wandered in search of work Slaves were mostly prisoners of war and criminals Could own land Could buy freedom Merchants Farmer Priests were the keepers of knowledge and the writers of history Schools ran for sons of nobles 365 day calendar and a 260 day ritual calendar Calculates the end of the world as December 21, 2012 Treated with herbs Used prisoner of war bodies to study anatomy – could set bones Steam baths used as treatment Spanish came in 1519 A.D. search of Gold, God, and Glory Led by Hernan Cortes Aztec thought Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl Emperor Montezuma II (Moctezuma II) taken hostage and neighboring tribes joined Spanish 3/4ths of the Aztecs died from war and disease