Download Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer (No. 46B)

Christian Churches of God
No. 46B
Sons of Japheth Part II:
Gomer
(Edition 1.0 20120323-20120323)
This paper deals with the Sons of Gomer who inherited the Northern areas and settled in Europe to
Eurasia.
Christian Churches of God
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Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
The sons of Gomer
was the river Halys.
The first portion of Japheth in Eurasia was
given to Gomer and the area to the north
(termed inner north) of that which was given to
the sons of Magog who were the Scythians.
Herodotus also places the Scythians in this area
(Hist. 4).
They formed a force in the Trojan War under
their leader Pylaimenes, as we see from the
Iliad. His name was carried on afterwards by
their rulers, as a mark of descent according to
Xenophon. Though part of the Persian Empire
they were never under a satrap probably
because of the mountainous country.
According to Herodotus they were conquered
by Croesus and sent a contingent to Xerxes in
480 BCE
The sons of Gomer also included the sons of
Togarmah and these were described as
inhabiting the uttermost parts, or the recesses,
of the North (Ezek. 38:6). We shall identify
these people and the root division of the people
and see just how numerous and widespread
these people really are in Asia. By the time of
Ezekiel they had spread over the entire north
and that extended into Asia.
And so many were the countries that had the children of
Japhet for their inhabitants. Of the three sons of Gomer,
Aschanax founded the Aschanaxians, who are now called
by the Greeks Rheginians. So did Riphath found the
Ripheans, now called Paphlagonians; and Thrugramma
the Thrugrammeans, who, as the Greeks resolved, were
named Phrygians. (Jos. A of J, Bk. 1, ch vi. 1)
The Sons of Gomer originally inhabited
Anatolia or the area of Turkey in three areas.
Aschanax or Ashkenaz founded Aschanaxians
who were named by the Greeks Rheginians.
These sons of Gomer all settled in their original
inheritance, which was in the area of Anatolia
from Troy to the Sea of Azov and the
surrounding area. Ashkenaz settled in that area
and became the originator of two people the
Ashkenazim and the Rheginians who seem to
have settled Rhegium as a colony of Chalcis ca.
720 BCE on the coast of South Italy now called
Reggio di Calabria.
The sons of Riphath founded Paphlagonia.
It was on the Black Sea coast of north central
Anatolia between Bythnia and Pontus. It was
separated from Phrygia (which was later named
Galatia after its reconquest by the Cimmerian
Gauls) by an eastern extension of the Bithynian
Olympus. Strabo says its western boundary was
the river Parthenius and the eastern boundary
Thrugramma or Togarmah founded the people
that came to be known as Phrygians.
Essentially these people were only part of the
hordes of Togarmah who went to the
“uttermost parts of the North.”
Phrygia was the area in the west central part of
the Anatolian Highland in what is now Turkey.
Homer says that their area was on the banks of
the Sangarius River (now Sakarya River) and
bounded in the East by the Halys (now Kizil)
River. They were bordered on the west by
Mysia and Lydia.
They settled in the area from 1200 BCE. Their
Kingdom established in the Eighth century
BCE was overrun by the Cimmerian reinvasion
of Anatolia ca 690 BCE. After Phrygia’s
subsequent conquest by its neighbour Lydia it
passed into the empire of Cyrus.
The Phrygians were dedicated to the Mother
goddess Cybele and the father god Sabazios.
He was depicted as a Horse-god and she as a
Lunar Bull and hence the origin of the Bullslaying myths of Mithras.
The Trojan prince Paris son of Priam is
depicted by the Greeks with a Phrygian cap.
After Alexander’s empire collapsed it was
taken by the king of Pergamon and eventually
became part of the Roman Empire.
The Phrygians fought at Troy in 1064-1054
BCE and they appear to have been at least two
separate kingdoms.
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
The Trojan kingdom was that of Wilusia and
was part of the Hittite Alliance in Anatolia. The
Hittie Alliance was comprised primarily of the
Hatti and the Kalti and extended into Africa
and north into Eurasia. The Kalti were those
known as Celts and they are now primarily in
Europe.
The origin of the Trojans is important and
many false claims have been made concerning
that origin.
The traditions concerning the survivors of Troy
claim that Aeneas of one line from Dardanus
founder of the Troad went to the area of Latium
and founded the site of what was to become the
city of Rome. These were not sons of Priam or
Riphathians. Another group under Brutus or
Briotus went from Troy to North Africa and
met up with the Trojan group that became the
Dumnonians of Devon and Cornwall and they
went to and invaded Britain and subjugated the
Magogite Celts in Britain. These people are the
ones we regard as the Welsh and Cornish Celts
of today. One tradition has them going via
Latium and staying among the sons of Aeneas
for a short time. They were later accompanied
by the Belgiae who settled to the east of them
in Southwest England and also invaded Ireland
with them. The YDNA tests for these groups
confirm they are R1b Celts as are the Early
Romans and are all sons of Japheth.
Macgeohegan claims in his History of Ireland
that Briotus came there from Ireland. It is
possible that he did both. The YDNA of the
Irish is predominately R1b as well and we will
discuss this aspect later.
Sons of Riphath
The main branch of the Francs was known as
Riphathian Francs. The secondary branch was
the Salien Francs. The major distinction
between them was that the royal family of the
Saliens could only pass through the paternal
line whereas the Riphathians could be inherited
through the maternal line as well.
As the name suggests, the Riphathian Francs
claim descent from Riphath, son of Gomer.
These people form the major element of the
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French people today. They came in with the
Saliens from Anatolia though Europe into what
is now NW Germany and Frisland and moved
south into Gaul colonising the areas of central
and Southern Belgium and south as far as the
borders of Aquitane. The language of Aquitane
was in fact related to the Basque who were sons
of Tubal (see the paper Sons of Japheth Part
VI: Tubal (No. 46F)).
The Kings of the Francs trace their ancestry
back through Charlemagne and the kings of the
Francs to their ancestors who were the
Cimmerians or the Gimmery. The line goes
back to Antenor I king of the Cimmerians ca
500 BCE. From there imputed lineage to the
sons of Priam of Troy is claimed.
The traditions of the Cimmerians, as recorded
by Nennius and Geoffry of Monmouth and
others, were that they came from Troy and
while the Trojan Briotus and the Cornish went
to England, The sons of Hector remained in the
Middle East with the Hittites Northeast of Troy
and later re-occupied Troy again for a few
centuries and then moved into Europe. The
sons of Paris formed the tribe of the Parisii who
had elements in both France and in the area in
what is now Yorkshire north of Lincolnshire
and the Iceni in Norfolk in Britain. The
Magogite tribe of the Brigantes occupied the
lands to the East in what is now Lancaster.
Thus Lancaster was Magogite and Yorkshire
was Riphathian Celt with the Sarmatian knights
later based at the Roman Fort at Ribchester.
Yorkshire later became the Norse kingdom of
Yorvik (Jorvik) based at York and no doubt the
tribes were assimilated. The tribe of the Parisii
were in southern York towards what later
became Anglia.
The Parisii also remained in France naming
their capital after the hero Paris and also one of
the founding cities they named Troyes.
The Belgae occupied Belgium and what are
now areas of Dorset and Hampshire. The
Durotriges were between them and the
Dumnonii in the West and the Atrebates to the
north east and the Regnenses were in Sussex
and the Cantii in Kent. The Catuvellauni were
to the North with the Trinovantes in the North
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East and the Iceni north of them in what is now
Norfolk. The map of the Tribes as at 55 BCE
when the Romans invaded is at Appendix A.
As explained, the Dumnoniae, Belgae and
another group perhaps a composite entered
Ireland from Wales.
The French that entered Britain in the Norman
Conquest in 1066 bore names like
Montgomerie, now Montgomery, which means
literally of the Mountain of Gomer.
The Trojan consolidation of Britain is recorded
as being by the sons of Heli (or Beli Mawr
meaning Great Lord). The actual overlordship
of Britain by this family branch occurred at the
beginning of the First Century BCE. They
occupied Britain for eight hundred years prior
to this. During that time they had to subjugate
the Magogites and then defeat the Huns at the
Battle of the Humber and expel them from
Britain. They then had to deal with the northern
tribes of the Caledonii and the Eastern and
Western Picts and the Votadini, Matae,
Damnonii in Scotland and the Selgovae and
Novantae and deal with the invasion of the
Magogite Brigantes from Spain that entered
Lancaster and then organise the Welsh and
southern tribes.
It is interesting that the name of the Great Lord
of the Britains is Heli, as that was the name of
the father of Mariam the Mother of Christ.
Heli’s grandson King Lear son of Caswallon
married his cousin Penardun daughter of Lud
and their son Bran the Blessed married Anna
the daughter of Joseph of Arimathea asserted to
be the brother of Heli father of Mariam the
mother of Christ.
The town we now know as London was
originally built as New Troy or Trinovantium
and the occupants were the tribe of the
Trinovantes. Whilst Colchester was the major
city in England at the time London was still of
some significance. Lud is listed as the elder
brother of Caswallon who is listed as
Cassivelaunos (ca 60-48 BCE) who was the
ruler of the Catuvellauni and the earliest know
historically identifiable British king.
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
Lud ruled from Trinovantium and rebuilt it
naming it KaerLud after himself and it became
known as Lud’s Town and hence London
Town.
We can thus see that we have a powerful clan
ruling from Essex through the South east. The
legends also include the Welsh tribes including
the Silurians as Lud had another brother who
ruled a major Welsh group as Llefelys. The tale
concerning them is contained in the
Mabinogion.
He was buried outside the gates of London and
his grave is marked as Lud’s gate or Ludgate.
He was remembered as a god in Celtic ancestor
worship as Llud and as Nudd the Celtic form of
Nodens.
His younger brother Caswallon was given
rulership of the tribes to the west in what is
now the shires and counties west of the
Thames.
The Catuvellauni
The Catuvellauni are not actually recorded
when Julius Caesar invaded Britain. He merely
mentioned their leader Cassivellaunus. It is
thought that he formed the tribe from a group
of smaller tribes of Belgian origin and may
have been part of the Belgae. If that was the
case then the subdivisions of the Belgae
occupied and subjugated the South East of
England from 55 BCE to 10 CE. The name may
well mean Vellaunus of the Cassi. He was
succeeded in 20 BCE by his son or grandson
Tasciovanus who became ruler of the
Catuvellauni and thus the new tribe was
identified.
Caesar identifies the tribes and mentions the
Cassi. He says:
'When the Trinovantes had been placed under
protection and secured from all outrage at the hands
of the troops, the Cenimagni, the Segontiaci, the
Ancalites, the Bibroci and the Cassi sent deputations
and surrendered to Caesar. ...' (De Bello Gallico v.
21)
Thus when his brother’s forces in Essex and
London had surrendered after their security was
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
guaranteed he surrendered. Cassivellaunus
means Vellaunus of the Cassi and thus Caesar
does mention his tribe.
Caesar also says he was placed in supreme
command of the force.
'by common consent they had entrusted the supreme
command and conduct of the campaign to
Cassivellaunus, whose territories are divided from
the maritime states by the river called Tamesis,
about eighty miles from the sea.'
Caesar also says '"Having obtained knowledge of
their plans, Caesar led his army into the borders of
Cassivellaunus as far as the River Thames, which
can be crossed at one place only on foot, and that
with difficulty. ..'
We can see from these accounts that the
unification of the Cassi with the other tribes
resulted in the Catuvellauni or the Smiters
(warriors) of Vellaunus.
His son (some say grandson in which case he
was the son of the brother of King Lear) was
Tasciovanus father of Cunobelin, Andocomius
and Epatticus. Geoffry of Monmouth makes
him (Tenvantius) the son of Lud and Nephew
of Caswallon. He ruled Cornwall before
becoming high King of Britain. Geoffry says he
was very warlike but pursued diligently the rule
of law.
There is a shadowy figure names Andoco(mius)
(c 5-15 CE) known only from his coins. He
may have been a short-lived brother of
Cunobelin or a usurper that was eventually
deposed.
The Trinovantes were originally ruled by
Imanuentis and his son Mandubracius the
attributed great grandfather of Boudica wife of
Prasutagus king of the Iceni. Their daughter
married Marius, son of Arviragus and father of
Coel I. The history and descent of these kings is
contained in the paper Hittites in the House of
David (No. 067C).
Imanuentis was murdered by Caswalon in 55
BCE. Mandubracius fled to Gaul and
established an alliance with Caesar for his
second expedition when the Cantii and the
Catuvellauni were subjugated and forced to
pray tribute. Manddubacius was reinstated in
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the Trinovantes in 55 BCE and ruled until ca 30
BCE. He was left in a precarious position after
the assassination of Caesar in 44 BCE and
certainly by 30 BCE he had been succeeded by
Addedomarus who ruled the Trinovantes from
at least 30 BCE to 20 BCE when he was
overthrown
by
the
pro
Roman
Dumnovellaunos.
The Trinovantes ruled by Lud were inherited by
Dumnovellaunos ca 20 BCE – 5 CE. He also
appears to have ruled the Coritani over this
period. Around 15 BCE he invaded the Cantii
and seemingly after coming to an arrangement
with the Romans ruled there near Canterbury
until 5 CE with an alliance formed with the pro
Roman Tincommius (son of Commius) of the
Atrebates (20 BCE – 5 CE) whose lands went
into west Kent from what is now Sussex.
However, the Anti-Roman forces of the
Catuvellauni under Taciovanus defeated them
in a battle ca 5 CE and Dumnovellaunus and
Tincommius fled to Rome and remained there.
Thus the rule of the Trinobantes of London and
Essex, the Coritani, the Atrebantes and the
Cantii passed to the hands of the family of
Tasciovanus whose rule passed to Cunobelin
with his brother Eppaticus ruling the Atrebates
seemingly as his vassal until 10 CE.
What leads us to believe the tribes were united
under the one family rule was that the sons of
Cunobelin were Amminius, Togodumnos,
Arviragus and Caratacus or Caradog.
Amminius was king of the Cantii from 25 CE
when Eppillus was deposed to ca 40 CE when
family rivalries forced him to flee to the
continent and seek aid for the coming invasion
of Caligula. After Caligula received his
submission he simply went home in triumph
and left Amminius to return to Britain and his
tomb appears to have been found at St Albans.
Togodumnos was allegedly king of the
Catuvellauni from 41-43 CE. The name is
probably a title Tog y Dumnaint i.e. chief of the
Dumnonii in Devon and Cornwall. When
Caratacus or Caradog was defeated by the
Romans in Kent he led a second expedition
against them and was defeated in Wales on the
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Border of Shropshire. A legend started that the
leader (allegedly Caradog) was killed in
Hampshire. He may actually have been
Arviragus the elder. His son Meurig was taken
to Rome and Meurig is the Celtic abbreviation
or form of Arviragus.
Caradog was king of the Cantii at the invasion
of Claudius and after his defeat moved west
and assumed overall rule of the Silures who
were under Arviragus. As we stated
Togodumnos was the title of the War chief of
the Dumnonii and Arviragus held that title as
well as king of the Silures as also later did
Guiderius son of Caradog (a careful analysis of
M. Ashley, The Mammoth Book of British
Kings and Queens, Carroll and Graf 1999, pp.
67-79).
From the grouping of the tribes the rulership in
Southern England was of a confederation of
tribes ruled by the one royal family of Trojan
descent that established area kings under the
High King of the Britons with a major branch
in Essex at Colchester (Camulodinum) and a
lesser at London east of the Thames and the
Major tribes west of the Thames being the more
powerful element.
The Gomerites are thus located in Britain in
Wales and Cornwall and from Devon to Kent
where they were subjugated by the Saxons and
the Jutes in Kent and Herefordshire. They
proceed north into Yorkshire where the Angles
superimposed themselves on their areas
through Anglia and the Trinovantes in Essex
and Middlesex and the tribes that made up the
Catuvellauni.
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
with the Huns in the 9th century BCE. Thus
they are probably Gomerites adjoining the
northern group of the Parisii in Yorkshire and
maintaining a secure border against the
Brigantes to the Northwest. Their huts and
ditches have a cultural connection with the
Belgic Tribes in the South. Ptolemy lists the
name as Coritani and Coritavi. From their coins
we might assume they were ruled by three
magistrates or leaders. One coin only records a
leader and three subordinates, ca 45 CE.
They were taken over by invading Angles and
Mercian Danes.
The Iceni and the Trinovantes were almost
annihilated by the Romans after the rebellion
and destruction of a vexilation of the Ninth
Legion Hispana. Their area absorbed others by
default hence the area is now known as East
Anglia and Essex.
Regarding the Parisii of Yorkshire and
Humberside their burial practices are virtually
unique in Britain but closely resemble the
burial sites of the Parisii along the Sequana or
Seine Valley in France. There are generally
without grave goods but contain swords and
even chariots. They also inhabited the island of
Lutetia which is now the island of the Notre
Dame Cathedral. Originally they formed one
political group with the Senones in Gaul
(Caesar De Bello Gallica vi.3)
We can thus reasonably assume we are dealing
with the same tribe using the same name of
their hero at Troy.
Cornovii
The Coritani covered Lincolnshire and
Leicestershire and were not a single tribe but an
aggregation of like minded social groups.
They intruded into South Yorkshire and may
well have had Parisii blood lines among them.
They maintained a major iron-age settlement by
the river Witham and at Ratae. They were Celts
and if not Gomerites, they were sons of Magog
originally although they were continually being
attacked by their warlike Magogite neighbours
the Brigantes. The river Humber is in this area
and that marked the Battle of the Trojan British
The Cornovii were a pastoral group that were
aceramic until the third century BCE. Their
area extended from Powis through Shropshire,
Cheshire, Staffordshire and into Herefordshire.
Their capital was at Wroxeter Shropshire.
The site of the final battle with the Romans on
the border of Wales and Shropshire indicates
they were the same Gomerite people as the
Silurians and others of the Welsh.
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
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The Magogite Brigantes
Ordovices
The Brigantes established themselves in Britain
and extended across from Lancashire into west
and North Yorkshire and were probably the
reason the Romans stationed the Sarmatian
knights at Ribchester.
The nine poleis attributed to the Brigantes by
Ptolemy
EPIACVM (Whitley Castle, Northumberland)
VINOVIA / VINNOVIVM? (Binchester,
Durham)
CATARACTONIVM
(Catterick,
North
Yorkshire)
CALACVM? (Burrow in Lonsdale, Lancashire)
[Overborough?]
ISVRIVM BRIGANTVM (Aldborough, North
Yorkshire)
RIGODVNVM?
(Castleshaw,
Greater
Manchester) [Ingleborough?]
OLENACVM? / OLICANA? (Elslack, North
Yorkshire) [Ilkley?]
EBVRACVM (York, North Yorkshire)
CAMBODVNVM? (Slack, West Yorkshire)
http://www.romanbritain.org/tribes/brigantes.htm
The Carvetii are to the Northwest of the
Brigantes in Cumbria and for some season are
not mentioned in Ptolemies writings of Britain.
The area is totally unlike the Southern
settlements of Britain and some forty
settlements are all placed around a fortified
settlement.
It appears that the Riphathian Gomerites are to
the South of Britain and the Brigantes from the
division of Magogites that heads north into
Scotland where we find more Magogites and
also Scandinavians which we will deal with
under Ashkenaz and explain the Magogite
intrusions.
There are some Irish elements that settled in
South Wales on the coast.
Deceangi
The mining elements in Flintshire in North
West Wales were carried out by the Deceangi
who were mining before the Roman
occupation.
The Ordovices to the South of the Deceangi
were probably administered from Anglesey and
had two centres in Hereford and Worcestershire
The mention of the one at Shropshire by
Ptolemy is probably a mistake. Their sites go
into Gwynedd and Powys.
The Ordovices were defeated with Caradog and
suffered huge losses and after they recovered
their strength they attacked a regiment of
Roman Cavalry exterminating them and were
themselves virtually exterminated by Agricola.
There is scarcely any archaeological record of
them in Roman Britain.
Silures
The name is derived from the fact that the
Romans forced then into the hills and refers to
their rock-dwelling.
The Silurians in South Wales were attacked by
three successive governors for their support of
Caractacus or Caradog. Ostorius Scapula
appointed in 47 died of natural causes fighting
them in 51 CE. Claudius appointed Aulus
Didius as legate. However, the Silurians
managed to defeat the XXth legion under
Manlius Valens when they moved from
Colchester to Powys to defeat the rebels.
The revolt of the Brigantes under Venutius the
husband of Cartimandua, whom she had
repudiated for his armour bearer, caused a
serious rebellion and the Romans had to move
north to suppress it. Gallus was kept occupied
by this rebellion and intrigue until he was
replaced by Quintus Veranius 57-58 CE who
harried the Silurians with a few raids but died
soon after (cf. Tacitus Annals xiv, 29)
Seutonius Paulinus was sent to Britain and
before he could subdue the Silures the revolt of
the Iceni occurred and he had to hurry back to
Colchester to save the province.
Due to problems in Rome and elsewhere they
were saved from harassment until the arrival of
governor Sextus Julius Frontinus in 76 CE
Page 8
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
who subdued them (Tacitus Agricola xvii, 2).
It has impressive hill forts.
Tacitus (Annals xi, 2) gives us a description of
the Silures as being swarthy with dark curly
hair and similar to the Iberians of Spain. There
is not much doubt there was trade connection
with the Phoenicians and Basques of Tubal in
Spain and also the Celts in Gaul.
These people were nomadic pastoralists who
were an aceramic warrior tribe. They were
close allies and ruled by the Gomerite nobility
and thus we can assume they were Gomerites
and not sons of Tubal.
It may well be that the Silurians were forced
into the mountains of Wales from the greater
lands of Gloucester shire and they never
regained their former farmlands. Their king
Arviragus was brother of Caradog and he is
recorded as allocating twelve hides of land to
Joseph and the church officers for the Church at
Avalon in Glastonbury (see also the paper
Origin of the Christian Church in Britain (No.
266)) and Hittites in the House of David (No.
067C)
The Demetae
The Demetae were located at Carmarthen
Dyfedd. They had a known goldmine which
was requisitioned by the Romans. They appear
to have been ruled from a Roman fort.
The Dobunni
The Dobunni had their principal centre
(Corinium Dubonnorum) at Cirencester,
Gloucestershire. The principal town was the
second greatest town of Roman Britain and
probably the administrative centre of the
province of Britannia Prima. It covered 230
acres.
It extended to Somerset, Hereford, Avon,
Worcester,
Wiltshire,
Oxfordshire
and
Warwickshire.
It is declared a non Belgic tribe with Belgic
influences. The Belgae are on the southern
border and the Artebates are on the South
eastern section.
These people are probably related to the
Dumnonii.
However the Durotriges are to the east of the
Dumnonii and they may have some connection
with them also.
The Durotriges
The Durotriges were a tribe in Dorset with the
centre at Dorchester. Ilchester in Somerset
appears to have been the centre of the Northern
Durotriges and the entire system appears to
have been a settlement of warring independent
baronies from well entrenched hill forts rather
than any settled kingdom.
Belgae
The Belgae in Hampshire appear to be an
amalgam of Belgic states put together by the
Romans and were more fragmented tribal septs
prior to the Romans. They had three centres
(per Ptolemy). One was at Bath in Avon, one at
Winchester and the other is as yet unidentified.
There are many septs identified with them that
came from Gaul. The Artrebates are also a
major Belgic Tribe in their own right and we
can deal with them below. The references
quoted below identify their source tribes and
locations.
Ambiani Sea-faring nation dwelling along the valley
of the Samara (Somme), and on the eastern Belgic
coast of the Oceanus Britannicus (English Channel),
where it narrows towards the Fretum Gallicum
(Straits of Dover). Their tribal capital was
Samarobriva, now Amiens on the banks of the
Somme, in the Picardy region of France.
Atrebates Bordered to the north, south and west by
the sea-faring nations the Menapii, the Ambiani and
the Morini respectively, and on all other sides by
friendly Belgic states. Their tribal capital was
Nemetacum, now known as Arras, on the Scarpe
River in the Artois region of northern France.
Catalauni Occupying the central Plaine de
Champagne along the upper valley of the Matrona
(Marne), this tribe bordered with the Gallic
Tricasses to the south and south-west, and the
Germanic Lingones to the south-east, but was
surrounded on all other sides by friendly Belgic
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
Page 9
states. Their tribal capital was Durocatalaunum
(Châlons-sur-Marne, France).
Leuci Inhabited the uplands of the Lorraine,
between the upper reaches of the rivers Mosella
(Moselle) and Mosa (Meuse). Though supported by
the friendly Belgic Mediomatrici and Catalauni to
the north and west, they were surrounded by the
Germanic Raurici, Sequani and Lingones to the east,
south-east and south. Their tribal capital was Tullum
(Toul, France), on the Moselle.
Mediomatrici Inhabited the upper valley of the
Mosella in the northern Lorraine, between the
Treveri in the north and the Leuci to the south, they
also bordered with the Germanic Nemetes on the
east. Their tribal capital was Divodurum (Metz,
France), on the Moselle.
Menapii Inhabited the southern shores of the
Oceanus Germanicus (North Sea) in the area now
known as Flanders which lies mostly in Belgium,
though their tribal capital Castellum Menapiorum,
was at Cassel in France.
Morini Occupied the territory nearest to Britain,
overlooking the Fretum Gallicum (Strait of Dover),
their major towns were Gesoriacum/Bononia and
Tarvenna, known nowadays as Boulogne and
Thérouanne, both in the Artois region of France.
Nervii A powerful tribe of central Belgica,
bordering on the north with the minor Germanic
tribe the Texuandri, but supported on all other sides
by their Belgic neighbours, notably the eastern
Tungri and the western Atrebates. Their tribal
capital lay at Bagacum, now Bavai near Maubeuge,
on the upper Sambre in France.
Remi Occupied the northern Plaine de Champagne
on the southern fringes of the Ardennes, between the
rivers Mosa (Meuse) and Matrona (Marne), and
along the river valleys of the Aisne and its tributaries
the Aire and the Vesle. They were surrounded on all
sides by friendly Belgic states, and their tribal
capital was at Durocortum (Reims, France), on the
Vesle.
Treveri This important tribe inhabited the lower
valley of the Mosella, within the southern fringes of
the vast Arduenna Silva (Ardennes Forest). They
were bordered on the north, west and south by the
friendly Belgic tribes the Tungri, the Remi and the
Mediomatrici, respectively, while to the east were
the Germanic Vangiones. Their tribal capital
Colonia Augusta Treverorum (Trier, Germany), was
also the site of a Roman colony, and the provincial
capital of Belgica itself.
Tungri Occupied the lands of the northern
Arduenna Silva (Ardennes), along the lower valley
of the Mosa (Meuse). They shared borders to the
north and east with Germanic tribes, but were
bolstered by the Belgic Nervii on the west and the
Remi and Treveri to the south. Their tribal capital
lay at Atuatuca, modern Tongeren in the Limburg
district of Belgium.
Following the same reference we see The
Belgic Tribes in Britain were:
http://www.roman-britain.org/tribes/belgae.htm
The Armorican States
These were the tribes of north-western
The Atrebates
This tribe formed a British colonial state of
their own, and they are dealt with in more
detail in the RBO WebPage on the
Atrebates.
The Ambiani
The Ambiani were probably responsible for
the coins known nowadays as Gallo-Belgic
A, in circulation around the middle of the
second century BC, which are found in the
Somme valley in northern France, and in
parts of southern Britain.
An inordinate amount of coinage identified
with this tribe has been found in southern
Britain, more than can be explained by
simple trading with the continental
Ambiani. It is faily certain from the amount
of coinage found, that the coins of the
Ambiani were in common use in parts of
Britain, and on this basis, it seems probable
that the Ambiani themselves occupied the
land in which their coins circulated.
The Suessiones
We are told by Caesar himself:
"... Among them [the Suessiones], even
within living memory, Diviciacus had been
king, the most powerful man in the whole
of Gaul, who had exercised sovereignty
alike over a great part of these districts, and
even over Britain. ..." (Caesar De Bello
Gallico ii.4)
The coins now known as Gallo-Belgic C,
issued between c.90 and 60BC, have been
tentatively identified with King Diviciacus
of the Suessiones. This coin is less common
in Britain than previous issues, but has a
wider distribution, from the coast of Sussex
to the Wash, with finds being concentrated
around Kent.
The uninscribed coins known as GalloBelgic F, which were issued between 60
and 50 BC, have a marked concentration of
finds to the east of Paris, in the lands of the
Suessiones, and are also found in many
coastal areas of southern Britain. This
coinage issue was the first to bear the
design of a triple-tailed horse on the
reverse, which became the standard motif
of many issues in southern Britain over the
next few decades. This has led scholars to
believe that the Suessiones represented a
considerable proportion of the Belgic
peoples which had migrated to Britain
during the second and first centuries BC.
Page 10
Gaul, now the French province of
Normandy. Caesar lists the names of
several of the major tribes from the region:
"... the states touching the Ocean, called by
them the Armoric, among whom are the
Curiosolites, Redones, Ambibarii, Caletes,
Osismi, Veneti, Lemovices and Venelli. ..."
(Caesar De Bello Gallico vii.75)
Of one of these tribes in particular, we were
earlier told by Caesar:
"These Veneti exercise by far the most
extensive authority over all the sea-coast in
those districts, for they have numerous
ships, in which it is their custom to sail to
Britain, and they excell the rest in the
theory and practice of navigation. ..."
(Caesar De Bello Gallico iii.8)
The Veneti incurred the wrath of Caesar in
56 BC when they detained two of his
tribunes, in order to exchange them for
their own hostages that they themselves had
earlier surrendered to Caesar's legate
Publius Crassus. Caesar's response was
typical when faced with treachery of this
kind, he personally conducted a campaign
against the Veneti, destroyed all of their
ships, razed all of their towns and, in order
to discourage any future attempts to detain
his tribunes, made an example of the tribe.
"... He therefore put the whole of their
senate to the sword, and sold the rest of the
men as slaves." (Caesar De Bello Gallico
iii.17)
In view of their extensive trade with the
island, it is not unreasonable to suppose
that the Veneti and perhaps other
Armorican states, also had a number of
colonies on the south coast of Britain. It
must be pointed out that the Veneti were
not a true Belgic tribe, being strictlyspeaking of Gallic extraction.
The Morini
The Morini inhabited the lands nearest to
Britain. It would be illogical to suppose that
this tribe did not have colonies in the island,
especially in Kent.
The area of Kent was later settled by the Jutii of
Jutland commencing with the Island of Thanet.
Thus the Kentish people are a mixture of
Gomerites and Jutes, which we will discuss
later. They may well be all Gomerites.
We saw from an examination of the Basques
that they were sons of Tubal and were akin to
the people of Aquitane. The Atlantic Modal
Haplotype is found from Spain to Belgium.
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
Some Basques have the early Roman Celtic
YDNA structure.
The AMH is signified by the DYS 14-12-24-
11-13-13
The Basques are not a Celtic speaking people.
Celtic in both P and Q forms are of Asian
origin and we know they came from the
Gomerite and Magogite peoples from Anatolia
to Scythia. The Basques are an isolated branch
of the sons of Tubal. They are genetically
related to the other Japhethite tribes of the
Causcasus but not linguistically. The mtDNA
groups of both the Basques and the Nordic
Sami people as well as the R1b Celt invaders
may well have contributed to the AMH
mutations. The Sami however are part of the
Sons of HN of the Haplogroup N structure (see
the paper Sons of Japheth, Part IIA: Sons of
HN (No. 46BA)).
It is possible that the R1b groups mutate in and
out of the AMH on a more frequent basis than
thought. The mutations of mtDNA are now
proven to be far more frequent than the models
allowed. The isolation of the Far East Khazars
and the R1a groups in Tubal shows that the
Japhethite groups can be isolated through
mtDNA influence into Hg. P. Asian and
Amerindian Q and from P into the Astral-Asian
and African RxR1 and R1a and R1b all from
mutation and much of it caused by mtDNA
isolation.
The Belgae are recorded from their move into
Ireland as the Builg as a P Celtic language
group. They may even be part of the Fir Bolgs
or Leather People of the early colonisation of
Ireland.
The options are that the Atlantic Modal
Haplotype (AMH) developed in the R1b people
of Tubal from the Iberian Peninsular and the
Belgians are also sons of Tubal. The other
option is that the tribes there, from a common
mtDNA base, developed from more than one
R1b lineage from both Gomer and Tubal and
perhaps even Magog. The Belgians both in
Belgium and the British isles are all sons of
Tubal and mixed with the Gallic Gomerites and
the Magogites it would appear.
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
The Belae are comprised of the following
tribes.
Caesar names the following as Belgic tribes:

Ambiani (probably Gaul)

Atrebates (Germanic)

Atuatuci (Germanic)

Bellovaci (Gaul)

Caerosi (Germanic)

Caleti (Gaul)

Condrusi (Germanic) (Luxemburg)

Eburones (Germanic)

Menapii (Germanic)

Morini (Germanic)

Nervii (Germanic)

Paemani (Germanic)

Remi (Gaul)

Suessiones (Gaul)

Veliocasses (Gaul)

Viromandui (Gaul)
The later mentioned Tungri could simply be
another name for the Eburones, as Caesar had
officially wiped out this tribe. Other tribes that
may have been included among the Belgae
were the Leuci, Treveri and Mediomatrici.
Posidonius includes the Armoricani in Brittany
as well.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgae
The Belgae were thus a mixture of the
Germanic or Teutonic Tribes and the Celts of
Gaul. We thus must also examine the Origin of
the Teutons as well as the Celts. The Roman
Province of Belgica contained also the
Germanic Batavi at the Rhine Delta in what is
now the Dutch part of the Netherlands. They
arrived there around 50 BC.
They were originally part of the Chatti (Chathi
or Catti) who were a Germanic tribe inhabiting
Page 11
Northern Hesse and southern Lower Saxony
along the upper reaches of the Weser River.
They extended along the valleys and mountains
of the Eder, Fulder and Werrra River Regions
corresponding to but probably larger than
Hesse-Cassel.
Tacitus (Histories iv, 70) says the Batavians
were among them until an internal quarrel
drove them into the uninhabited region at the
mouth of the Rhine.
The Batavi inhabited what is now the Betuwe
district of The Netherlands, around Lugdunum
Batavorum (Leiden), at the mouth of the Rhine
River. Under their chieftain Gaius Julius Civilis
(known as Claudius Civilis in Germany), who
had been a Roman army officer for many years,
they revolted against Roman rule in the year 69
CE. The rebellion was soon joined by a number
of Germanic tribes across the Rhine to the East
and finally gripped the whole of Northeast
Gaul. It was subdued a year later, but under
favourable terms negotiated by Civilis. We will
examine the origin of the Chatti later.
The Fris settled to the north of them with the
Saxons and the Angles and then the Jutes to the
north of them again into Jutland.
Celtic Languages
The divisions of the Celtic languages shed
some light also on the peoples.
The Gaelic (from Gaul) language spoken in
Ireland is recognised as Q Celtic or Goidelic.
The Gaelic in Wales and Brittany is recognised
as P Celtic or Brythonic. These distinctions
developed over time and isolation. We know
that the Welsh are Gomerites and the Milesian
Irish are Magogites and so we might thus
assume that the divisions occurred from the
movement of those tribes. The fact that the
Milesians spent a lot of time in Spain would
account for the fact that the Celtiberian
language has now been found to be Goidelic
and thus the Q branch of Gaelic. They are thus
related to the Milesian Irish who remained in
Spain and the Magogite Brigantes who went to
England. The name Brigantes comes from the
sojourn in Spain of the Milesians and hence
Page 12
Brigantia also. The proximity to the Basques
and no doubt the interchange of wives helped to
isolate the DNA mutations in that area through
the mtDNA. The later Norse mtDNA in Britain
had a harmonising effect with the Northern or
Norse Celt elements and the incoming people
of Germanic linguistic influence.
“There are legitimate scholarly arguments in
favour of both the Insular Celtic hypothesis and
the P-Celtic/Q-Celtic hypothesis. Proponents of
each schema dispute the accuracy and
usefulness of the other's categories. Since the
realization that Celtiberian was Q-Celtic in the
1970s, the division into Insular and Continental
Celtic is the more widespread opinion (Cowgill
1975; McCone 1991, 1992; Schrijver 1995).
When referring only to the modern Celtic
languages, since no Continental Celtic language
has living descendants, "Q-Celtic" is equivalent
to "Goidelic" and "P-Celtic" is equivalent to
"Brythonic".
Within the Indo-European family, the Celtic
languages have sometimes been placed with the
Italic languages in a common Italo-Celtic
subfamily, a hypothesis that is now largely
discarded, in favour of the assumption of
language contact between pre-Celtic and preItalic communities.”
Depending on which theory you prefer the
languages can be derived as follows.
The structure of Celtic has been examined over
many years but never in relation to their
extended genealogies over modern times and
DNA systems.
Ossetian Celts
The Ossetians in the area of Russo-Georgia
were originally part of the Hittite system. They
spoke the language based on the language of
the Celts and many of their words are used in
early British names and they identify primarily
with Edinburgh. It is most likely that they were
part of the Scythian peoples that became the
basis of the Parthians and remained there. It is
likely that the area absorbed the Israelites after
the Assyrian Captivity and they went north of
the Araxes and the Haplogroup I Israelites
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
became interspersed with these people. The
Magogites were north of the Gomerites and
identified themselves as a Scythian people. We
can see the Scots-Irish of Dal Riada identify
themselves as an “ancient Scythian people” in
the declaration of Arbroath which was a letter
written to the papacy from Scotland. Prior to
the Fifth Century, Scotland had been named
Alba but was renamed Scotland after Scota the
ancestress of the Milesians who was a daughter
of the early 18th dynasty pharaohs that married
a Milesian ancestor Neill and was mother to
Goedal Glas or Goedal the Green (see the paper
Sons of Japheth: Part III Magog (No. 46C) and
The lineage of the Milesians is in the
Abraham’s Legacy Genealogy section:
http://www.ccg.org/_domain/abrahamslegacy.org/geoghegans.html).
The name was changed after the conquests of
Neill of the Nine Hostages High king of Ireland
who invaded Europe via England and took
hostages from nine kings and returned to
Ireland with Patrick of Tours (son or nephew of
Martyn of Tours) as a captive in chains. Patrick
paid him back by converting his grandson
Columba who became the Sabbatarian saint
Columba of Iona and was responsible for
converting Scotland through his disciples such
as Aiden of Lindisfarne.
The apostle Peter was bishop at Antioch and
moved among them into Georgia preaching to
the Hebrews among the Parthians. This is
probably the origin among the Anglo-Saxons
that Peter went to preach to them also as to why
Andrew is patron saint of the Scots.
“1. Peter preached the Gospel in Pontus, and
Galatia, and Cappadocia, and Betania, and
Italy, and Asia, and was afterwards crucified by
Nero in Rome with his head downward, as he
had himself desired to suffer in that manner.
2. Andrew preached to the Scythians and
Thracians, and was crucified, suspended on an
olive tree, at Patrae, a town of Achaia; and
there too he was buried.”
(cf. The Fate of the Twelve Apostles (No.
122B))
Names in England attest to Ossetian origin and
Sons of Japheth Part II: Gomer
are well and truly pre-Roman. The name of the
Thames at London means Broadwater in
Ossetian and the Ossetians are quite at home
with the natives of the area Edinburgh whom
they identify as Ossetians. It can be safely
assumed that the Gomerite and Magogite Celts
moved in to Britain over a period of 1000 years
before the Romans invaded Britain. They were
in Ireland from other tribes and areas even
before that. Indeed the Romans are related to
the Trojans of Wilusia and claim founding from
the sons of Aenaeus. Wilusia was part of the
Hittite Empire centred on the area Northeast of
Troy and it was these very Trojans or
Cimmerians that reinvaded Anatolia and named
it Galatia after Gaul their new home. These
names link both areas as did their tribal names.
The Iliad identifies the inhabitants of Troy as
Celts and records they spoke many languages.
Some of the contingents came from as far away
as Ethiopia or Abyssinia and were part of the
Southern Hittite Alliance that was based on the
Hamitic tribes. These people are also described
in the Iliad. The Latins of Latium were also
identified as coming from the Middle East and
Parthians and thus Gomerites.
The R1b YDNA system came from this area of
Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus and is
acknowledged by geneticists as being a centre
of the R1b system.
Page 13
The Wikipedia arrangement dealing with the
two explanatory theories is of use in examining
the matter and also in providing links to the
language and area data.
[Note] The P Celtic and Q Celtic Hypothesis
seems to fit the model of the tribal break-ups of
the Gomerite/Scythian Model far more
efficiently than the Insular/Continental
explanation as we know the tribal roots for
these main stems and from their known
genealogy we can see clearly that the P Celt is
Gomerite and the Q Celt is Magogite.
The problem we then face is the Teutonic or
Germanic language influence on these people.
This can best be explained from the analysis of
the sons of Ashkenaz and the influence of the
Semitic Hebrew and Assyrian influence on
those people in the Middle East and their
movement into the Germanic areas of Northern
Europe. This influence came with the AngloSaxons and their move in from the Middle
East.
How the family tree of the Celtic languages is ordered depends on which hypothesis is used:
Insular/Continental hypothesis

Proto-Celtic or Common Celtic
o Continental Celtic
 Gaulish
 Lepontic
 Noric
 Galatian
 Celtiberian
 Gallaecian
 Tartessian ? [42][43]
o Insular Celtic
 Goidelic
 Primitive Irish
 Old Irish
 Middle Irish
 Irish
 Scottish Gaelic
 Manx
 Brythonic
 Pictish ?
 British
 Cumbric
 Old Welsh
 Middle Welsh
 Welsh
 Southwestern Brythonic
 Breton
 Cornish
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_languages
P-Celtic/Q-Celtic hypothesis

Proto-Celtic or Common Celtic
o P-Celtic
 Gaulish
 Lepontic
 Noric
 Galatian
 Brythonic
 Cumbric
 Pictish ?
 Old Welsh
 Middle Welsh
 Welsh
 Southwestern Brythonic
 Breton
 Cornish
o Q-Celtic
 Celtiberian
 Gallaecian
 Tartessian ? [42][43]
 Goidelic
 Primitive Irish
 Old Irish
 Middle Irish
 Irish
 Scottish Gaelic
 Manx