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Designing Social Inquiry Research Proposal “Sino-Soviet Split” Sakhayaana I34028 Puzzle • WHY did the Sino-Soviet split occur and how it affected the international world order? • Sub-question: Why USSR despite their plight during the Cold War succumbed to Chinese provocations? Background • On 1 October 1949, Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China • 1950 Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance • 1949-1957 Sino-Soviet relations appeared in perfect harmony. Mao: “The socialist camp must have one head, and that head can only be the USSR.” Sino-Soviet Split • 1953 Stalin death, Khrushchev leadership • 1958~ mutual criticism and hostility between Mao and Khrushchev • 1959 USSR cancels Sino-Soviet Agreement on atomic cooperation • 1960 USSR withdraws all economic aid and advisers from China • 1965 USSR develops policy of trying to isolate China in international affairs • 1969 Heavy fighting at Damansky Island on the Ussuri River when Chinese troops attack Soviet border guards • 1971 US table team visited China at invitation of its government (Ping-Pong diplomacy) • 1972 Nixon visits Beijing Importance • Overall, the Sino-Soviet confrontation, which reached its peak in 1969, paved the way to a profound transformation in the international political system. • Mao had begun to turn his interests to other Asian, African, and Latin American countries to develop newer, stronger alliances and further the PRC’s economic and ideological redevelopment • “the beginning of the end..” Existing theories • Ideological difference • National Interests • Economic factors Hypothesis • Constructivism • Human factor • Bad leadership Methodology • Qualitative • aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. • Interviews, descriptive and case studies • IV: Khrushchev policy making • DV: Sino-Soviet relationship Literature Review • The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World by Lorenz M. Lüthi • Two Suns in the Heavens: The SinoSoviet Struggle for Supremacy, 19621967 by Sergey Radchenko • Khrushchev: The Man and His Era by William Taubman