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The Urinary System Chapter 37.3 Urinary System • Function: Helps maintain the homeostasis of body fluids. • Structure: – – – – 2 kidneys 2 ureters 1 urinary bladder 1 urethra The Kidney • The kidneys are main organs of the urinary system. • Function: – Filters and removes waste from blood – Regulates body water volume, blood volume and blood pressure – Regulates the amount of ions and salt in the body. – Produces urine. • Protein is broken down for energy in the body– this releases ammonia (very toxic) • Ammonia is converted into urea by the liver (less toxic) • Some of the urea is removed by the skin in perspiration (sweating). Most is removed from the blood by the kidneys. Waste is removed in the kidney by Nephrons. • 1 million nephrons per kidney • Blood entering the nephron carries water, glucose, salt, vitamins, amino acids, ions, urea and waste. • 1st step is filtration – Small molecules, salt and water, and other waste are removed from the blood. • 2nd step is reabsorption – Important material (water, glucose, and salt) are reabsorbed into the blood. The remaining fluid is urine. • Urine is water and solutes. – Solutes = excess elements, ions, salt, and vitamins, urea, toxic substances and drugs • Approx. 1-2 Liters of urine produced a day. • Ureters – Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. – About 25 cm long • Urinary Bladder – Stores the urine – Muscular sac on the bottom of the pelvic cavity. – Average volume = ½ Liter – Max capacity = ¾ Liter • Urethra – Passes urine out of the body – Female approx 3-4 cm – Male approx 18 cm