Download Sender - Miss K

3. _____________
(______________
______________)
4. ______________
6. ______________
1. ______________
9. ______________
8. ______________
3. _________
4. ______________
6. ______________
1. Sender
9. ______________
8. ______________
Sender
• Initiator of communication
• Encoder of message (has to
decide what to say & how to say it)
• Speaker or performer
who uses verbal and nonverbal
means of communication
3. __________
4. ______________
6. ______________
1. Sender
9. ______________
8. ______________
Encoding
• Sender’s selection of a means of
expression (what will I say & how will I
say it so my audience can understand?)
• Translating ideas into forms of
expression
• Selecting appropriate symbols and
words for the receiver
Levels of Information
• Cultural
– Race
– Sex
– National background
• Sociological
– Level of education
– Income
– Social class
• Individual
– Interests, hobbies, social groups, etc.
3. Message
(Verbal/
Nonverbal)
4. ______________
6. ______________
1. Sender
9. ______________
8. ______________
Message
• Information - WHAT is said & HOW it
is said.
• A systemic translation of a sender’s
intention into a code (for example,
language or signs)
• A verbal or nonverbal expression of a
sender’s purpose
• The product of a sender’s efforts at
communication
Verbal Communication
• Sending a
message to a
receiver through
words
Nonverbal Communication
• Messages sent by means other than
words
– Appearance
– Voice (volume, tone)
– Gestures
– Body Movement
– Eye contact or facial expression
– Spatial relations
3. Message
(Verbal/
Nonverbal)
4. Channel (Senses)
6. ______________
1. Sender
9. ______________
8. ______________
Channel
• Means of transmitting a message
• A medium related to the senses
• For example:
– AUDIO: Airwaves carry messages through
the auditory sense
– VISUAL: Light waves carry messages
through the visual one
3. Message
(Verbal/
Nonverbal)
4. Channel (Senses)
6. ______________
1. Sender
9. ______________
8. ______________
Decoding
• Receivers give meaning to a
message through their own
perceptions
• Receivers must interpret
messages (symbols or codes)
according to their own background,
abilities, attitudes, etc.
3. Message
(Verbal/
Nonverbal)
4. Channel (Senses)
6. Receiver
1. Sender
9. ______________
8. ______________
Receiver
• Target of the sender’s
communication
• Decoder of message
• Listener or observer of verbal and
nonverbal messages
3. Message
(Verbal/
Nonverbal)
4. Channel (Senses)
6. Receiver
1. Sender
9. ______________
8. ______________
Encoding
• Same definition as last time…
• Now it is the receiver encoding
his or her feedback.
3. Message
(Verbal/
Nonverbal)
4. Channel (Senses)
6. Receiver
1. Sender
9. ______________
8. Feedback
Feedback
• Response of the receiver to the sender’s
message, which tells the sender how the
message was received.
• It answers the question, “How am I
doing?”
• Examples:
– Nodding heads
– Confused looks
– Questions
– Applause
3. Message
(Verbal/
Nonverbal)
4. Channel (Senses)
6. Receiver
1. Sender
9. Possible
Interference
8. Feedback
Interference
• Anything that disrupts or prevents a
receiver’s interpretation of a
sender’s message as the latter
intended.
• Internal or External Noise.
Internal Interference
• Feelings, attitudes, or opinions
belonging to the receiver that
prevent the receiver from listening
to the speaker carefully.
• A teacher using vocabulary words
that students don’t understand
• An individual’s bias against a certain
group of people (race, ethnicity, etc.)
External Interference
• Disruptions usually found in the
channel causing the transmission of the
message to be interrupted.
• Examples:
• Fire truck siren interrupting the reception of
speech.
• A loud clanking noise coming from the air
conditioning unit.
• A grandpa who turns his hearing aid off while his
wife is instructing him on the daily chores.
3. Message
(Verbal/
Nonverbal)
4. Channel (Senses)
6. Receiver
1. Sender
9. Possible
Interference
8. Feedback
Decoding
• Same as previous definition.
• This time the sender decodes the
feedback from the receiver and
analyzes whether or not the message
communicated effectively.
1. Sender: Corey
8. Decoded: He
sounds sincere. I
love him.
2. Encodes:
Yelling with hands up
7. Feedback: I’m sorry,
babe. It will never
happen again.
3. Message: Why did I
see pictures of you
dancing with other girls.
6. Encodes: I should
probably be nice.
4. Decoded: Yikes, she
sounds mad.
5. Receiver:
Jeff