Download Injections

Injections
Hana Svobodová
4.10.2010
Types of containers
 Medications for injection are supplied
in several types of container :
 Vials
 Ampules
 Cartridges
Utilising comfort measures
! Skill in administering
injections minimizes pain
!
Prior to injecting the medication :
 select the smallest gauge needle
possible for the medication and
injection site
 inspect needle for sharpness
 tap the area lightly with
fingertips
 rotate sites
During injeciton
- insert the needle quickly
without hesitation
- inject the medication
slowly (time for
absorption)
After injection :
 withdraw the needle quickly
 massage the injection site to
encourage absorption of the
medication into the tissues –
massage firmly but gently
 NOTE : contraindication for massage
is for intradermal injection, insulin,
heparin
Intradermal injection
 = injection between layers of skin
 needle length – 0,6 – 1,3 cm
 syringe size – usually 1 ml
(tuberkulin), common dosage is 0,01 –
0,1 ml
 needle insertion angle – 5-15 degree
 usualy i.c. (i.d.) are for DIAGNOSTIC
purposes
 the substance injected into the skin
causes a local reaction :
 Wheal
 Blanched or reddened area
 Itches (if the test reaction is positive)
The most common sites:
 aspect of the forearm or upper back
 Hold the syringe almost PARALLEL to the surface
 Do NOT massage the site after injecting the
solution
 Observe the reaction – the first 30 minutes after
(for possibilitiy of serious allergic reaction or
anaphylactic shock)
 Time for reaction varies from 15 min. to 24
hours.
 (MANTOUX – tuberculosis test)
SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION
Environment
Preparation
- Patient
- Medication
Administration
Injection Sites
Administering subcutaneous
injections
 s.c. is placed just under the deep
skin layer
 - the medication is absorbed more
slowly than inj. i.m. or i.v. (during
20 – 30 minutes)
 needle length - 1,3 – 2,5 cm
 syringe size – usually less than 2
ml, common dosage is 0,5 – 2,0
ml
Injection sites
 the upper arm (m. biceps brachii)
 the thigh (m. quadriceps
femoralis,esp.for a selfadministered inj.)
 the abdomen
 dorsogluteal area
 For daily medication (diabetics) –
the inj. site is rotated on a
regular schedule
Method of application :
 grasp the injection site between
thumb and forefinger to form a
pad of subcutaneous tissue
 needle insertion angle - 45 or 90
degree
Complications
 administration into a vessel
 administration into the muscle
 hypertrofy of subcutaneous tissue
 lipodystrophy
 atrophy of skin
 infection at the injection site
Practical training
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h
EtyrR0GhQg&feature=related