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Copy into your notebook Graphic organizer 8.1b Federal Powers 1. State Powers 1. 2. 3. 2. 4. 5. 3. Lesson 8.1a: The Articles of Confederation Essential Question What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, and what was its connection to Shay’s Rebellion? VOCABULARY republican: form of government in which people elect the people who govern them. bill: a proposed law to be considered by a legislative body. constitution: the set of basic laws by which a nation, state, or other organization is governed. ratification: the act of giving formal approval to a law or bill. What We Already Know Philosophers of The Enlightenment, like John Locke, promoted the belief that people had rights that came from God… and that governments should protect those rights. What We Already Know For eight years, the United States fought a bitter war against the British government that threatened those rights. What We Already Know During the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress had served as the government for the United States. State Governments Once each colony declared its independence from Britain, each state had to quickly had to form its own government to deal with issues at the state level. Pair Share If you had to set up a government that was more democratic, what would be some of the proposals you would make. Be ready with you proposals. State Governments The framers of these early state constitutions did not want to destroy the political systems that they had had as colonies. They simply wanted to make those systems more democratic. State Governments Nearly all states tried to limit the power of the executive branch, the branch that carried out the laws. Terms of office were usually short and elections were held frequently. State Governments To be more democratic some states divided their governments with three branches so that power did not rest with any one group. • One branch would write the laws and raise money. • One branch would carry out the laws. • One branch would enforce the laws State Governments In writing their own state constitutions, some states included a bill of rights in their constitution guaranteeing their citizens certain rights, an idea that came idea from the English Bill of Rights of 1689. State Governments In 1777 Vermont was the first to add the abolishment of slavery to its constitution. In 1783 a Massachusetts court ruled that slavery was against the state constitution which said; “all men are born free and equal.” By 1786 five stated had abolished slavery. State Governments • Not all the states had a bill of rights, and not all had abolished slavery. • All had a republican form of government. • These early state constitutions would later serve as foundation for the U.S. Constitution. Get your sticks ready. Why did most of the new state constitutions create governments with separate branches? A. It was the way government had been organized back in England. B. Each branch could operate independently from the other two. C. Separate branches would make the governments strong and effective. D. It was one way to prevent government from becoming too powerful. What form of government did all the new states create? A. republican B. socialist C. parliamentarian D. constitutional monarchy E. triumvirate Makes Sense… During the Revolutionary War, each state was independent, with a republican form of government. The war showed the need for the states to work together. This idea of “united we stand, divided we fall” carried on after independence was won. The Articles of Confederation By 1776, the Continental Congress began to develop a plan for a national government. Congress agreed that the government should be a republic, and it organized itself based on the model that the British Parliament provided. The Articles of Confederation Although the delegates disagreed about several issues, in forming a new government, Congress eventually arrived at a final plan, which they called the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation One issue that had stood in the way of the ratification of the Articles of Confederation was the issue of Western land. The Articles of Confederation Some of the states were land locked had no western lands, which could be sold to pay debts and increase revenue. The Articles of Confederation Over the next three years, the other states gave up title to the western land. Control of the western lands was given over to Congress and the National Government. The small states finally voted to ratify the Articles by 1781. The Articles of Confederation The Articles created a government with only a legislative branch; the Congress. Each state, large or small, had only one vote in Congress. The Articles of Confederation Since Congress had no Executive Branch, it could not carry out its own laws. Therefore, the only thing Congress could do was: • wage war / peace • sign treaties • print money • control western lands The Articles of Confederation The power to collect taxes and enforce national laws was left to each of the individual states. Pair Share The Articles of Confederation left Congress with very little power. Do you think this was done deliberately? Why or why not? Be prepared to share your reasoning with the class. Get your sticks ready. What had Congress modeled their government after? A. the Spanish Diet. B. the German Reichstag C. the British Parliament D. the Russian Duma. E. the Associated Student Body (ASB) What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? (Choose all that apply) A. It lacked power to enforce laws B. It lacked the power to regulate trade among the states. C. It couldn’t declare war. D. It required all 13 states to approve changes. E. It lacked power to pay war debts. Under the Articles of Confederation, A. Most power was given to the states and little power to the national government. B. The international slave trade was banned. C. The president had no veto power. E. Representation in Congress was based upon each state’s population. What issue needed to be settled before the smaller states agreed to the Articles of Confederation? A. How to tax citizens B. How to pay debts C. What to do with Western lands D. Who got to vote E. Which branch of the government would have more power Why did states without western land claims want other states to give up their claims? A. They wouldn’t have equal representation in Congress. B. They would have to pay more Federal taxes then the other states would. C. They wouldn’t be allowed to purchase land to expand. D. They believed they would be at a disadvantage with other states with land claims Land Ordinance of 1785 Spanish Territory Canada The land over which Congress had control was named the Northwest Territory because, at the time. This land was in the Northwest corner of what then was America. Land Ordinance of 1785 Since Congress had not been given the ability to raise revenue through taxes, it developed a plan to sell the land under its control; the Northwest Territory. Land Ordinance of 1785 6 MILES Under the Land Ordinance of 1785, land was surveyed into square townships, six miles on a side. 6 MILES Land Ordinance of 1785 6 MILES Each township was sub-divided into thirtysix sections of one square mile each. 6 MILES Land Ordinance of 1785 6 MILES One square mile out of each thirty six square mile section was set aside for schools. 6 MILES Land Ordinance of 1785 This was the first time the national government promoted public education. The Northwest Ordinance While the Land Ordinance of 1785 determined how the land was to be divided up and sold, the Northwest Ordinance determined how the territory was to be governed. The Northwest Ordinance As each territory grew in population, it would gain rights to selfgovernment. When there were 60,000 people, they could apply to become a new state. Did you know? According to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, once a territory reached a population of 60,000 the people could apply to become a new state. In 2013, the. population of Menifee was 83,447. The Northwest Ordinance Under the Northwest Ordinance, slavery was banned in the new territories and religious freedom was guaranteed. The Northwest Ordinance The significance of the Northwest Ordinance was it set a pattern for the orderly growth of the United States. Get your sticks ready. What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 accomplish? A. Was the first major law passed by Congress under the new U.S. Constitution. B. Allowed Congress to purchase land from Mexico C. Banned slavery in the Northwest Territory D. Called for surveyors to stake out six square miles for townships. What did the Northwest Ordinance accomplish? A. Outlined when the territories could govern themselves B. Established settlers’ rights. C. Set a pattern for the orderly growth of the United States. D. Slavery was outlawed, but indentured servitude still existed. (Choose all that are correct.)