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Graphic organizer 8.1b
Federal Powers
1.
State Powers
1.
2.
3.
2.
4.
5.
3.
Lesson 8.1a:
The Articles of
Confederation
Essential Question
What were the
strengths and
weaknesses of
the Articles of
Confederation,
and what was its
connection to
Shay’s
Rebellion?
VOCABULARY
republican: form of government in which
people elect the people who govern
them.
bill: a proposed law to be considered by a
legislative body.
constitution: the set of basic laws by
which a nation, state, or other
organization is governed.
ratification: the act of giving formal
approval to a law or bill.
What We Already Know
Philosophers of The
Enlightenment, like
John Locke, promoted
the belief that people
had rights that came
from God… and that
governments should
protect those rights.
What We Already Know
For eight years, the
United States
fought a bitter war
against the British
government that
threatened those
rights.
What We Already Know
During the Revolutionary War, the
Continental Congress had served as
the government
for the United
States.
State Governments
Once each colony declared its
independence from Britain, each state
had to quickly
had to
form its own
government to
deal with
issues at the
state level.
Pair Share
If you had to set up a government that
was more democratic, what would be
some of the proposals you would make.
Be ready with you proposals.
State Governments
The framers of these early state
constitutions did not want to destroy the
political systems that they had had as
colonies. They
simply wanted to
make those
systems more
democratic.
State Governments
Nearly all states tried to
limit the power of the
executive branch, the
branch that carried out
the laws. Terms of
office were usually
short and elections
were held frequently.
State Governments
To be more democratic some states
divided their governments with three
branches so that power did not rest with
any one group.
• One branch would write
the laws and raise money.
• One branch would carry
out the laws.
• One branch would enforce
the laws
State Governments
In writing their own state
constitutions, some states
included a bill of rights in
their constitution
guaranteeing their citizens
certain rights, an idea that
came idea from the
English Bill of Rights of
1689.
State Governments
In 1777 Vermont was the first to add the
abolishment of slavery to its constitution.
In 1783 a Massachusetts court ruled that
slavery was against the state constitution
which said; “all
men are born free
and equal.” By
1786 five stated
had abolished
slavery.
State Governments
• Not all the states had a bill
of rights, and not all had
abolished slavery.
• All had a republican
form of government.
• These early state
constitutions would later
serve as foundation for
the U.S. Constitution.
Get your sticks
ready.
Why did most of the new state
constitutions create governments
with separate branches?
A. It was the way government had been
organized back in England.
B. Each branch could operate independently
from the other two.
C. Separate branches would make the
governments strong and effective.
D. It was one way to prevent government from
becoming too powerful.
What form of government did all
the new states create?
A. republican
B. socialist
C. parliamentarian
D. constitutional monarchy
E. triumvirate
Makes Sense…
During the Revolutionary War, each state
was independent, with a republican form
of government. The war
showed the need for the
states to work together.
This idea of “united we
stand, divided we fall”
carried on after
independence was won.
The Articles of Confederation
By 1776, the Continental Congress began
to develop a plan for a national
government. Congress agreed that the
government should
be a republic, and
it organized itself
based on the model
that the British
Parliament provided.
The Articles of Confederation
Although the
delegates disagreed
about several
issues, in forming a
new government,
Congress eventually
arrived at a final plan, which they called
the Articles of Confederation.
The Articles of Confederation
One issue that
had stood in
the way of the
ratification of
the Articles of
Confederation
was the issue
of Western
land.
The Articles of Confederation
Some of the states
were land locked
had no western
lands, which could
be sold to pay
debts and increase
revenue.
The Articles of Confederation
Over the next three years,
the other states gave up title
to the western land.
Control of the western lands
was given over to Congress
and the National
Government.
The small states finally voted
to ratify the Articles by 1781.
The Articles of Confederation
The Articles created
a government with
only a legislative
branch; the
Congress.
Each state, large or
small, had only one
vote in Congress.
The Articles of Confederation
Since Congress had no Executive Branch,
it could not carry out its own laws.
Therefore, the only thing Congress could
do was:
• wage war / peace
• sign treaties
• print money
• control western
lands
The Articles of Confederation
The power to
collect taxes
and enforce
national laws
was left to each
of the individual
states.
Pair Share
The Articles of Confederation left
Congress with very little power. Do you
think this was done deliberately? Why or
why not?
Be prepared to share your reasoning
with the class.
Get your sticks
ready.
What had Congress modeled their
government after?
A. the Spanish Diet.
B. the German Reichstag
C. the British Parliament
D. the Russian Duma.
E. the Associated Student Body (ASB)
What were the weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation? (Choose all
that apply)
A. It lacked power to enforce laws
B. It lacked the power to regulate trade
among the states.
C. It couldn’t declare war.
D. It required all 13 states to approve
changes.
E. It lacked power to pay war debts.
Under the Articles of Confederation,
A. Most power was given to the states and
little power to the national government.
B. The international slave trade was
banned.
C. The president had no veto power.
E. Representation in Congress was based
upon each state’s population.
What issue needed to be settled before
the smaller states agreed to the Articles
of Confederation?
A. How to tax citizens
B. How to pay debts
C. What to do with Western lands
D. Who got to vote
E. Which branch of the government would
have more power
Why did states without western land
claims want other states to give up their
claims?
A. They wouldn’t have equal representation
in Congress.
B. They would have to pay more Federal
taxes then the other states would.
C. They wouldn’t be allowed to purchase land
to expand.
D. They believed they would be at a
disadvantage with other states with land
claims
Land Ordinance of 1785
Spanish Territory
Canada
The land over
which Congress
had control was
named the
Northwest Territory
because, at the
time. This land
was in the
Northwest corner
of what then was
America.
Land Ordinance of 1785
Since Congress
had not been
given the ability
to raise revenue
through taxes, it
developed a plan
to sell the land
under its control;
the Northwest
Territory.
Land Ordinance of 1785
6 MILES
Under the Land
Ordinance of
1785, land was
surveyed into
square
townships, six
miles on a side.
6 MILES
Land Ordinance of 1785
6 MILES
Each township
was sub-divided
into thirtysix sections of
one square mile
each.
6 MILES
Land Ordinance of 1785
6 MILES
One square mile
out of each thirty
six square mile
section was set
aside for schools.
6 MILES
Land Ordinance of 1785
This was the
first time the
national
government
promoted
public
education.
The Northwest Ordinance
While the Land Ordinance of 1785
determined how the land was to be divided
up and sold, the Northwest Ordinance
determined how
the territory was
to be governed.
The Northwest Ordinance
As each territory grew
in population, it would
gain rights to selfgovernment.
When there were
60,000 people, they
could apply to become
a new state.
Did you know?
According to the Northwest Ordinance of
1787, once a territory reached a
population of 60,000 the people could
apply to become a new state. In 2013, the.
population of
Menifee was
83,447.
The Northwest Ordinance
Under the Northwest
Ordinance, slavery
was banned in the
new territories and
religious freedom
was guaranteed.
The Northwest Ordinance
The significance of
the Northwest
Ordinance was it set
a pattern for the
orderly growth of
the United States.
Get your sticks
ready.
What did the Land Ordinance of
1785 accomplish?
A. Was the first major law passed by Congress
under the new U.S. Constitution.
B. Allowed Congress to purchase land from
Mexico
C. Banned slavery in the Northwest Territory
D. Called for surveyors to stake out six square
miles for townships.
What did the Northwest Ordinance
accomplish?
A. Outlined when the territories could govern
themselves
B. Established settlers’ rights.
C. Set a pattern for the orderly growth of the
United States.
D. Slavery was outlawed, but indentured
servitude still existed.
(Choose all that are correct.)