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Baroque (1600-1750) – Vocal Music Answer the following questions in complete sentences. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera 1a.! What is an opera (also include where it is usually performed, the elements of ! theatre that it incorporates, and who accompanies it)? An opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble. 1b.! Who was the first great composer of opera (also include year born and year ! died)? The first great composer of opera is Jacopo Peri (20 August 1561 - 12 August 1633) 1c.! What is an aria (also include who performs it and who accompanies it)? An aria is also known as “formal song”, in where the characters express their emotions in a more structured melodic style. Duets, trios and other ensembles often occur, and choruses are used to comment on the action. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recitative 1d.! What is recitative?! Recitative is also known by its Italian name “recitativo”, and is a style of delivery in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech. The most syllabic recitativo secco is at one end of a spectrum through recitativo accompagnato. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition. The term recitative is also applied to the simpler formulas of Gregorian chant, such as the tones used for the Epistle and Gospel. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overture 1e.! What is an overture? Overture in music is the term originally applied to the instrumental introduction to an opera. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn began to use the term to refer to independent, self-existing instrumental programmatic works that presaged genres such as the symphonic poem. These were intended to be played at the head of a program. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratorio 2a.! What is an oratorio? An oratorio is a large musical composition including an orchestra, a choir and soloists. Like an opera, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an ensemble, various distinguishable characters, and arias. However, opera is musical theatre, while oratorio is strictly a concert piece. In an oratorio there is generally little or no interaction between the characters, and no props or elaborate costumes. Opera tends to deal with history and mythology, including age-old devices of romance deception and murder, whereas the plot of an oratorio often deals with sacred topics, making it appropriate for performance in the church. 2b.! How does an oratorio differ from an opera and how is it similar to an opera? Similarities - Use of choir and soloists - Has an ensemble - Various distinguishable characters - Arias Differences - Opera is musical theatre, while oratorio is strictly a concert piece - In an oratorio there is little or no interaction between the characters. They don’t have props or elaborate costumes. - Opera tends to deal with history and mythology (age-old devices of romance, deception and murder) - The plot of an oratorio deals with sacred topics, making it appropriate to be performed in churches 2c.! What is Handel’s most famous oratorio? Handel’s most famous oratorio is “Messiah” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantata 3a.! What is a cantata and where were Bach’s cantata’s performed? A cantata is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, which often includes a choir. Bach’s cantata’s were usually performed in churches.