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FEUDALISM IN EUROPE The Vikings Invade from the North Vikings invaded from the North Vikings sailed from Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) They worshipped warlike gods Vikings were not just warriors. They were also farmers, traders and explorers Leif Ericson reached North America before Columbus Vikings began to accept Christianity as the blended into the roman culture The Magyar & Muslim Invaders Muslims invaded from the south Magyars invaders struck from the East They were a group of nomads (wanderers) Muslims were expert sea farers A New Social Order A system of governing and landholding called feudalism The feudal system was based on rights and obligations In exchange for military protections and other services a lord or landowner granted land called a fief The person receiving a fief was called a vassal The Feudal Pyramid At the peak reigned the king Next came the vassals – wealthy landowners such as nobles and bishops The knights who pledged (promised) to defend their lord’s land in exchange for their fiefs The base of the pyramid were landless peasants who worked the fields Social Classes Social Classes are well-defined in the feudal system 1. Those who fought 2. Those who prayed 3. Those who worked Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism The manor was the economic arrangement Lord provided the serfs with housing, farmland, and protection. In return the serfs tended the lord’s land The manor was a self-sufficient community (Self-sufficient means to be independent, you don’t have to rely on someone to do the things we need) The Harshness of Manor Live The serfs paid a tax on all grain The serfs paid a tax to get married (after they had the permission of their lord to marry) The serfs paid a tithe or church tax They lived in crowded cottages They warmed their dirt-floor houses by bringing pigs in They slept on straw that often crawled with insects Their life expectancy was about 35 years They believed that God determined a person’s place in society Serfs accepted their lot in life as part of Church’s teaching