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assignable variation
or
SPC
or
LTPD?
assignable variation
Deviations with a specific
cause or source.
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mean chart
or
acceptance sampling
or
SPC?
acceptance sampling
Estimating the quality
of conformance of large
batches through inspection
of smaller samples.
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producer’s risk or process capability
consumer’s risk?
process capability
The natural variation in
an existing process, stated
relative to the allowable
variation specified in a
product’s design.
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or
c-chart
or
control limit
or
control chart?
control chart
Graph illustrating observed
values in relationship to the
allowable limits on those
values.
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tolerance
or
assignable variation
or
AOQ?
Average outgoing quality
(AOQ)
Estimate of the proportion
of defects that pass an
acceptance sampling plan.
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type II error
or
type I error
or
outcome bias?
outcome bias
A tendency to assume a
process is acceptable if its
output is acceptable.
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SPC
or
assignable variation
or
tolerance?
tolerance
Allowable variation from a
standard.
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standard normal distribution
or Central Limit Theorem?
or
control limit
standard normal distribution
A normal distribution with a mean of 0
and a variance of 1. Any other normal
distribution can be converted to this
standard, allowing the use of
standard normal tables to analyze the
original distributions.
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AQL
or
scientific management
or
TQM?
scientific management
A methodology stressing
the use of data collection
and analysis to redesign
processes and improve
efficiency.
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consumer’s risk or producer’s risk
Taguchi loss function?
producer’s risk
The likelihood of a type I
error.
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or
c-chart
or
control limit
or
control chart?
control limit
A control chart boundary,
where values observed
beyond this limit signal the
process is not in control.
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tolerance
or
range
or
defect?
defect
A single identifiable
deviation from acceptable
conformance.
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standard normal distribution
or Central Limit Theorem?
or
control limit
Central Limit Theorem
The observation that sample
values will approximate a
normal distribution,
regardless of the underlying
distribution of the population
being sampled.
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SPC or Taguchi loss function
control chart?
or
Taguchi loss function
A proposed model of the
cost of nonconformance
that penalizes even small
degrees of deviation from a
target specification.
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LTPD
or
tolerance
or
assignable variation?
lot tolerance percent
defective (LTPD)
Maximum proportion of
defects that a consumer
can tolerate.
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c-chart
or
p-chart
or
R-chart?
c-chart
Control chart used in
monitoring the count of
some characteristic within
a sample.
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type I error
or
type II error
or
control limit?
type II error
In quality control, concluding
the process is in control
when in fact it is not.
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consumer’s risk or producer’s risk
Taguchi loss function?
consumer’s risk
The likelihood of a type II
error.
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or
SPC
or
natural variation
or
OC curve?
natural variation
The randomness inherent
in a process, also known
as random variation.
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Poisson distribution or SPC
Taguchi loss function?
or
Poisson distribution
A discrete probability
distribution describing the
likelihood of a particular
number of independent
events within a particular
interval.
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c-chart
or
p-chart
or
R-chart?
p-chart
Control chart used in
monitoring the proportion
of some characteristic
within a sample.
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SPC
or
AQL
or
TQM?
statistical process
control (SPC)
The monitoring of overall
conformance through the
ongoing evaluation of
samples.
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type I error
or
type II error
or
defect?
type I error
In quality control, concluding
the process is out of control
when in fact it is not.
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c-chart
or
p-chart
or
mean chart?
mean chart
Control chart used in
monitoring the central tendency
of some characteristic within a
sample, also known as an x-bar
chart in reference to the plotting
of averages.
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quality of conformance
outcome bias?
or
producer’s risk
or
quality of conformance
The degree to which the
output of an operation
meets the producer’s
expectations.
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AQL
or
producer’s risk
or
assignable variation?
acceptable quality
level (AQL)
Proportion of defects
a consumer considers
acceptable.
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natural variation
or
sampling plan
or
SPC?
sampling plan
Defined procedure for
conducting acceptance
sampling, including the
criteria that determines
rejection of the batch being
sampled.
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TQM
or
AQL
or
SPC?
total quality management
(TQM)
Simultaneous and continuous
pursuit of improvement in both
the quality of design and
conformance through the
involvement of the entire
organization.
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c-chart
or
p-chart
or
R-chart?
R-chart
Control chart used in
monitoring the range of
some characteristic within
a sample.
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functional organizational structure
LTPD?
or
TQM
or
functional organizational
structure
An organization of specialists
grouped into distinct
departments.
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mean chart
or
type I error
or
range?
range
The difference between the
largest observed value of
some characteristic within
a sample and the smallest
observed value of that
same characteristic.
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SPC
or
acceptance sampling
or
OC curve?
operating characteristic
(OC) curve
A graph of the likelihood
of accepting a batch, given
an increasing proportion of
defects within that batch.
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