Download Grammar (3).

Bellwork
On the index card, list all 8 parts of speech.
Can you list all 8?
Grammar
Learning Objectives:
• To identify the parts of speech in a sentence.
• To identify the parts of a sentence.
• To identify the clauses and phrases in a
sentence.
• To identify the sentence types.
Expectations
• Students will complete a notebook with notes for each
section. Notes will be taken using the Cornell twocolumn note taking method
• Students will take a test after each 5 sentences given.
Students will be responsible to know ONLY the parts of
speech/sentence/phrases and clauses/sentence types
that they have learned up to that point.
• Students will go back and complete previous sentences
with the knowledge they have gained during each
lesson.
• I expect you all to do exceptionally well.
Consider this:
The students gave the teacher their homework.
ADJ N
V ADJ N
PN N
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subject pred.
ind. obj.
direct obj.
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one independent clause, simple declarative sentence
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PART 1: THE PARTS OF SPEECH
There are 8 parts of speech
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Noun
Pronoun
Adjective
Verb
Adverb
Conjunction
Preposition
Interjection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGuDYHmc8_
Y
Noun
• A noun is a person, place, thing, or an idea.
• George walked to the store to purchase
grapes, paper, and a map. He was planning a
trip to Mississippi in the Fall to visit his
grandmother.
Types of Nouns
• Nouns can be either singular (representing one)
or plural (2 or more)
– Example
– One phone or two phones
– A child or children
• Nouns can also be possessive (showing
ownership using –’s)
– Kyle’s cup
– Or if there are more than one
• The students’ books
Sentence 1
Todd raced to the corner store.
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Sentence 2
Mom bought a blue sweater to wear with her white skirt.
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Other forms of Nouns
• Common: dog, cat, house, car
• Proper: Names of people and places (these
are specific)
– Ms. Thurston
– George
– Wagener
Still more nouns…
• Concrete: These are nouns that can be
touched.
• Abstract: These are nouns that represent ideas
that cannot be touched
– Love
– thoughts
Sentence 3
The poem was long, but it was also quite beautiful.
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Noun Sorting
• Sort the following words into the category
they belong. Some my belong to several
different categories.
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Stump the Lump
How many parts of speech are there? There are 8 parts of speech.
What is a noun? A noun is a person, place, or a thing.
Give an example of a noun.
Give an example of a common noun.
Give an example of a proper noun.
Give an example of an abstract noun.
Give an example of a concrete noun.
Is love an abstract or concrete noun?
Is door an abstract or concrete noun?
What is a pronoun? A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence.
What is an adjective? An adjective modifies a noun.
What is a verb? A verb shows the action or state of being in a sentence.
What is an adverb? An adverb modifies a verb. It tells us how or when an action takes place.
Give an example of a verb.
What is a conjunction? A conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, sentences,
phrases or clauses.
What memory aid can you use to remember the most common conjunctions? FANBOYS
What are interjections? Interjections are words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or
command.
What are prepositions? A preposition sits before a noun (or a pronoun) to show the noun’s
relationship to another word in the sentence.
How can we remember prepositions? Think of it as anything a mouse can do… or a squirrel.
Sentence 4
The small boy ran down to the creek with his big sister and her best friend.
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Pronoun
• A pronoun takes the place of a noun. It can be
used instead of using a noun.
Personal Pronouns
• When we refer to personal pronouns, we have
to understand case, how many, and what
person.
Person
Singular
Plural
1st person
I, me
we
Person(s) speaking
2nd person
you
you
Person(s) spoken to
3rd person
She, he, it
they
Person(s) spoken about
Case
Subjective
I
We
You
He
She
It
They
Possessive
My
(mine)
Our
(ours)
Your
(yours)
His
(his)
Her
(hers)
Its
Their
(theirs)
Objective
Me
Us
You
Him
Her
It
Them
The same goes for Who and Whom.
Who = Subjective
Whom = Objective (** Note the “m”. If you could replace
it with Him, then you would use Whom.)
Sentence 5
I love to shop for shoes, but I can never decide which shoes I like best.
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Demonstrative Pronouns
• Used to replace specific people or things that
have been previously mentioned.
• They are singular or plural.
• They tell us if something is close by or farther
away.
Singular
Plural
Close
This
These
Farther away That
Those
Stump the Lump
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How many parts of speech are there? There are 8 parts of speech.
What is a noun? A noun is a person, place, thing, or an idea.
Give an example of a common noun.
What is the difference between an abstract and a concrete noun? A concrete
noun can be touched, while an abstract noun cannot.
What is an abstract noun? An abstract noun is a noun that represents an idea
and it cannot be touched.
What are possessive nouns? Possessive nouns are nouns that show ownership.
What is the difference between a singular noun and a plural noun? A singular
noun means one, and a plural noun is 2 or more of something.
What is a pronoun? A pronoun takes the place of a noun.
Give an example of a 1st person pronoun.
Give an example of a 2nd person pronoun.
When you use a 1st person pronoun, it represents what? The person speaking.
When you use a 3rd person pronoun, it represents what? The person(s) spoken
about.
What does it mean to “modify” something? Modify means “to change.”
What is an adjective? An adjective is a word that modifies a noun.
Interrogative Pronouns
• Interrogative pronouns
– Used to ask questions.
– Represent the thing that the question is about.
• The main interrogative pronouns are:
who, whom, whose, which, and what.
• Whoever, whomever, whichever, and whatever
can also be interrogative pronouns.
Indefinite Pronouns
• An indefinite pronoun refers to a non-specific
person or thing.
The most common ones are: all, any, anyone,
anything, each, everybody, everyone,
everything, few, many, nobody, none, one,
several, some, somebody, and someone.
Adjective
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An adjective modifies a noun.
Modify means “to change.”
Example: beautiful, small, yellow, and short.
John bought a green apple from the corner
grocery.
Verb
• A verb shows the action or state of being in a
sentence.
• He moved the couch to the other side of the
room.
• John chased the dog around the
neighborhood.
• She was standing next to the groundhog.
• Painting is my favorite hobby.
Adverb
• An adverb modifies a verb. It tells us how an
action takes place, or when an action takes place.
• Sally ran swiftly to the finish line to win the race.
Conjunction
• A conjunction is a part of speech that
connects words, sentences, phrases or
clauses. To help you remember most, think
about FANBOYS (For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
• Henry and Sally drove to the airport.
• Kyle went to the library and worked on his
research paper.
• Linda enjoyed seeing the movie, but she
thought that the visual effects were boring.
Prepositions
• A preposition sits before a noun (or a pronoun) to
show the noun’s relationship to another word in
the sentence.
• Examples: in, on, at, around, above, near,
underneath, alongside...
• Or think of it as a word which describes anywhere
a mouse could go… or a squirrel.
STOP!
Interjection
• Interjections are words or phrases used to
exclaim or protest or command.
• Stop!
• Wait!
• Hold on!
• Whoa!
• Dude!
Okay… You know what time it is, right?
• It’s time to play “Stump the Lump” for review.
• Object is to stump as many people as possible.
The person who is “IT” will ask questions to those
standing. If the person called on answers
correctly, they become the NEW “IT” and the
former must sit down.
• If the person chosen cannot answer, they must sit
down and review slide as they are now OUT.
• Now… stand up and face the back of the room.
Who is going to be able to Stump the Lump?
PART II: PARTS OF A SENTENCE
Parts of a Sentence:
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There are 6 parts of a sentence.
Subject
Subject complement
Direct object
Indirect object
Action Verb
Linking Verb
This looks complicated…
X= Defense
O= Offense
But with sentences, you only have to
worry about 2 plays…
Subject
• The subject of the sentence is who or what
the sentence is about.
Verb
• There are two types of verbs that we will be
discussing: Linking and Action
Linking Verbs
• Linking verbs “link” to the subject
complement.
• They link to more information about the
subject.
• For example…
Travis is smart.