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8-1 The Pectoral Girdle • The Pectoral Girdle • Shoulder girdle • Connects the arms to the body • Positions the shoulders • Provides a base for arm movement • Consists of: • Two clavicles • Two scapulae • Connects with the axial skeleton only at the manubrium © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-1 The Pectoral Girdle • The Clavicles • Also called collarbones • Long, S-shaped bones • Originate at the manubrium (sternal end) • Articulate with the scapulae (acromial end) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-2a The Right Clavicle Scapula Clavicle Jugular notch The position of the clavicle within the pectoral girdle, anterior view. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-2b The Right Clavicle Acromial end Sternal end LATERAL Facet for articulation with acromion © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. MEDIAL Superior view of the right clavicle. Figure 8-2c The Right Clavicle Sternal facet Acromial end LATERAL Conoid tubercle Costal tuberosity MEDIAL Sternal end Inferior view of the right clavicle. Stabilizing ligaments attach to the conoid tubercle and the costal tuberosity. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-1 The Pectoral Girdle • The Scapulae • Also called shoulder blades • Broad, flat triangles • Articulate with arm and collarbone • Anterior surface the subscapular fossa © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-1 The Pectoral Girdle • The Scapulae • Structures of the scapula • Body has three sides 1. Superior border 2. Medial border (vertebral border) 3. Lateral border (axillary border) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-3a The Right Scapula Acromion Coracoid process Superior angle Superior border Lateral angle Subscapular fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-1 The Pectoral Girdle • The Scapulae • Body has three corners • Superior angle • Inferior angle • Lateral angle (head) • The scapular head • Holds glenoid cavity • Which articulates with humerus • To form shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-3a The Right Scapula Acromion Coracoid process Superior angle Superior border Lateral angle Subscapular fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-1 The Pectoral Girdle • The Scapulae • Processes of the glenoid cavity • Coracoid process • Anterior, smaller • Acromion • Posterior, larger • Articulates with clavicle • At the acromioclavicular joint © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-3a The Right Scapula Acromion Coracoid process Superior angle Superior border Lateral angle Subscapular fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-3b The Right Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle Acromion Spine Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Lateral border Inferior angle Lateral view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-3c The Right Scapula Supraspinous fossa Coracoid process Acromion Superior border Neck Spine Infraspinous fossa Body Medial border Lateral border Inferior angle Posterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-1 The Pectoral Girdle • The Scapulae • Posterior features of the scapula • Scapular spine • • Ridge across posterior surface of body Separates two regions 1. Supraspinous fossa 2. Infraspinous fossa © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Upper Limbs • Consist of: • The arms, forearms, wrists, and hands • Note: arm (brachium) = 1 bone, the humerus © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Humerus • Also called the arm • The long, upper arm bone • Articulates with the pelvic girdle © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Humerus • Tubercles of the proximal epiphysis • Separated by the intertubercular groove • Greater tubercle • Lateral • Forms tip of shoulder • Lesser tubercle • Anterior, medial © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Humerus • Head • Rounded, articulating surface • Contained within joint capsule • Surgical neck • The narrow metaphysis © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4b The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Head Greater tubercle Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Trochlea Posterior surface © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Humerus • The shaft • Deltoid tuberosity • A bulge in the shaft • Attaches deltoid muscle • Radial groove • For radial nerve • Posterior to deltoid tuberosity © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Humerus • The distal epiphysis • Medial and lateral epicondyles • For muscle attachment • Condyle of the humerus • Articulates with ulna and radius © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Humerus • Articular regions of the condyle • Trochlea • Articulates with ulna • Capitulum • Articulates with radius © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4c The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Humerus Medial epicondyle Head of radius Trochlea Capitulum Coronoid process of ulna Radial notch of ulna Elbow joint, anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4b The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Head Greater tubercle Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Trochlea Posterior surface © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4d The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Humerus Medial epicondyle Olecranon fossa Olecranon Trochlea of humerus Ulna Head of radius Elbow joint, posterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Forearm • Also called the antebrachium • Consists of two long bones 1. Ulna (medial) 2. Radius (lateral) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Ulna • The olecranon • Superior end of ulna • Point of elbow • Articulates with trochlea of humerus © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Ulna • Other articulations • Radial notch • Articulates with head of radius • Forms proximal radio-ulnar joint • Ulnar head • Prominent styloid process • Attaches to articular disc between forearm and wrist © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-5a The Right Radius and Ulna Olecranon Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Neck of radius ULNA RADIUS Interosseous membrane Ulnar notch of radius Ulnar head Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Posterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-5b The Right Radius and Ulna Trochlear notch Radial head Coronoid process Neck of radius Radial notch Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity RADIUS ULNA Interosseous membrane Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar head Styloid process of radius Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Ulna • Interosseous membrane • A fibrous sheet • Connects lateral margin of ulnar shaft to radius © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Radius • Lateral bone of forearm • Disk-shaped radial head above the neck • Radial tuberosity below the neck, attaches biceps • Articulations of the radius • Ulnar notch • Distal end • Articulates with wrist and radius • Styloid process • Stabilizes wrist joint © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-5a The Right Radius and Ulna Olecranon Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Neck of radius ULNA RADIUS Interosseous membrane Ulnar notch of radius Ulnar head Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Posterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-5b The Right Radius and Ulna Trochlear notch Radial head Coronoid process Neck of radius Radial notch Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity RADIUS ULNA Interosseous membrane Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar head Styloid process of radius Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-5c The Right Radius and Ulna Olecranon Trochlear notch Coronoid process Radial notch Ulnar tuberosity ULNA Lateral view of ulna, showing trochlear notch © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • Eight Carpal Bones • Four proximal carpal bones • Four distal carpal bones • Allow wrist to bend and twist © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Four Proximal Carpal Bones 1. Scaphoid • Near styloid process of radius 2. Lunate • Medial to scaphoid 3. Triquetrum • Medial to lunate 4. Pisiform • Anterior to triquetrum • Difficult to see from posterior © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 8-2 The Upper Limbs • The Four Distal Carpal Bones 1. Trapezium • Lateral 2. Trapezoid • Medial to trapezium 3. Capitate • Largest 4. Hamate • Medial, distal © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-6 Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand RADIUS RADIUS ULNA Lunate Scaphold Lunate Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid Capitate Metacarpal bones Trapezoid I I Hamate II III IV V V IV III II Capitate Metacarpal bones Proximal phalanx Distal phalanx Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Posterior view 8-2 The Upper Limbs • Metacarpal Bones • The five long bones of the hand • Numbered I–V from lateral (thumb) to medial • Articulate with proximal phalanges • Phalanges of the Hands • 14 total finger bones • Pollex (thumb) • Two phalanges (proximal, distal) • Fingers • Three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-6a Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand RADIUS ULNA Lunate Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid I Capitate Metacarpal bones Hamate IV II V III Proximal phalanx Distal phalanx Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-6b Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand RADIUS ULNA Lunate Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid I Hamate V IV III II Capitate Metacarpal bones Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Posterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-3a The Right Scapula Acromion Coracoid process Superior angle Superior border Lateral angle Subscapular fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-3b The Right Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle Acromion Spine Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Lateral border Inferior angle Lateral view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-3c The Right Scapula Supraspinous fossa Coracoid process Acromion Superior border Neck Spine Infraspinous fossa Body Medial border Lateral border Inferior angle Posterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4b The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Head Greater tubercle Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Trochlea Posterior surface © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-4d The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint Humerus Medial epicondyle Olecranon fossa Olecranon Trochlea of humerus Ulna Head of radius Elbow joint, posterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-5a The Right Radius and Ulna Olecranon Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Neck of radius ULNA RADIUS Interosseous membrane Ulnar notch of radius Ulnar head Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Posterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-5b The Right Radius and Ulna Trochlear notch Radial head Coronoid process Neck of radius Radial notch Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity RADIUS ULNA Interosseous membrane Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar head Styloid process of radius Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8-6 Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand RADIUS RADIUS ULNA Lunate Scaphold Lunate Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid Capitate Metacarpal bones Trapezoid I I Hamate II III IV V V IV III II Capitate Metacarpal bones Proximal phalanx Distal phalanx Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Posterior view
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