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Apart from ordinary two-wheeled bicycles, cycling also includes riding unicycles, tricycles, quadracycles, and other similar human-powered vehicles. Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number about one billion worldwide. They are the principal means of transportation in many regions.Cycling is a very efficient and effective mode of transportation optimal for short to moderate distances. Bicycles provide numerous benefits compared to motor vehicles, including exercise, an alternative to the use of fossil fuels, no air or noise pollution, much reduced traffic congestion, easier parking, greater maneuverability, and access to both roads and paths. The advantages are at less financial cost to the user as well as society (negligible damage to roads, and less pavement required). 2011 LOCAL RACE / CALENDAR DATE Race Particulars Distance 6th February Qormi - Pavi Circuit - Organised by Qormi C.C. 10.5 km 13th February 20th February Zebbug By-Pass:Organised by Mosta AF Sign Studio C.C. Salina /Coast Road Circuit -Organised by Team Greens 100 km 40 km 6th March St. Paul's By-Pass Circuit -Organised by Melita Pedal Power C.C. 87 km 20th March 3rd. July Nadur Gozo - Organised by Team Greens Coast Road Circuit - Organised by Birkirkara S.J. 20 km 7th August 7th April 8th April Santa Maria Sprints - Organised by Mosta AF Sign Studio C.C. Tour ta' Malta - Salina/ Coast Road Circuit Tour ta' Malta - St. Martin/Ghajn Tuffieha Circuit Sprints 32 km 100 km 9th April 10th April 17th July 24th April Tour ta' Malta - Ta' Penellu Hill Climb Tour ta’ Malta - Fun Ride Kalkara “Devil take the hindmost” race for “Puttinu Cares” MCF/KLC Ta' Penellu Circuit - National Championship (1) 85 kms Fun Ride Laps 40 km St. Martin/Ghajn Tuffieha Circuit - National Championship (2) 70 km 19th June Mriehel By-Pass - National Championship (1) 30 km 26th June Salina Circuit/Coast Road - National Championship (2) 33 km 10th July 21st August Zurrieq Circuit - National Champioship (3) Miziep Hill Climb - National Championship (3) 100 km 2 km 8th May The races take place from Spring through to Autumn. Professional races range from the multi-day "Grand Tour" stage races such as the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España to single day "Classics" such as the Ronde van Vlaanderen and Milan – San Remo. The longest one-day road race sanctioned by USA Cycling is Lotoja which covers the 206 miles (332 km) from Logan, Utah to Jackson, Wyoming. Criteriums are races based on circuits typically less than a mile in length and sometimes run for a set time (60min, 90min, etc.) rather than a specific distance. The physical exercise gained from cycling is generally linked with increased health and well-being. Cycling is a 'highly suitable activity‘. Bicycles are often used by people seeking to improve their fitness and cardiovascular health. In this regard, cycling is especially helpful for those with arthritis of the lower limbs who are unable to pursue sports that cause impact to the knees and other joints. Since cycling can be used for the practical purpose of transportation, there can be less need for selfdiscipline to exercise. •TOUR DE FRANCE: Gilbert wins Stage 1 of 2011 Tour •Recent victory at the Clasica San Sebastian •Won the Amstel Gold Race, 1st in 2010 & 1ST in 2011 •Fleche-Wallonne, •Liege-Bastogne-Liege - 1st place Cycling By Justin-Clyde Bugeja 2012.