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Embedded System Design
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS FOUNDATIONS OF
CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
PETER MARWEDEL
1. Introduction (1/7)
1.1 Application areas and examples
 Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are characterized by integrating computation
and physical processes.
 Diagrammatic layout for CPSs
1. Introduction (2/7)
 Key areas
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Automotive electronic
Avionics
Railways
Telecommunication
Health sector
Security
Consumer electrics
Fabrication equipment
Smart buildings
Logistics
Robotics
Military application
1. Introduction (3/7)
1.2 Common characteristics
 Cyber-physical systems must be dependable.
 Dependability encompasses the following aspects of a system:
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Embedded system must be efficient.
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Reliability
Maintainability
Availability
Safety
Security
Energy
Run-time efficiency
Code size
Weight
Cost
Embedded systems are connected to the physical environment through sensors
collecting information about that environment and actuators controlling that
environment.
1. Introduction (4/7)
 Many cyber-physical systems must meet real-time constraints.
 Typically, embedded systems are reactive systems.
 Many embedded systems are hybrid systems in the scene that they include
analog and digital parts.
 Most embedded systems do not use keyboards, mice and large computer
monitors for their user-interface.
 These systems are frequently dedicated towards a certain application.
1. Introduction (5/7)
1.3 Challenges in Embedded System Design
 Many additional design goals must be taken into account.
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Embedded systems really must be dependable.
Due to efficiency targets, software designs cannot be done independently of the
underlying hardware.
Embedded systems must meet many non-functional requirements such as real-time
constraints, energy/power efficiency and dependability requirements.
The link to physics has additional implications.
Real systems are profoundly concurrent.
Real embedded systems are complex.
Traditional sequential programming languages are not the best way to describe
concurrent, timed systems.
1. Introduction (6/7)
1.4 Design Flows
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Simplified design flow
Application knowledge
Specification
design repository
design
test
HW-components
application
mapping
optimization
System software
(ROTC, …)
evaluation & validation
test
1. Introduction (7/7)
 Designing Embedded Systems