Download Colonization to Constitution

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Colonization to the Constitution
• An English group that planned to make money
by sending people to America to find gold and
other valuable natural resources and then ship
them back to England
• They created the first permanent English colony
in America
VIRGINIA COMPANY
• The first representative government in the
colonies
• It was similar to English Parliament
• Established by the Virginia Company
HOUSE OF BURGESSES
• A major cash crop in the Virginia colony that was
highly dependent on slave labor
TOBACCO
• First permanent English settlement in the new
world
• Established in 1607
JAMESTOWN
• A Native American chieftain that lived in Virginia
• along with others were pushed off their land by
colonists and began attacking settlements in the
outskirts of the colonies
POWHATAN
• An uprising that occurred because English
colonists failed to get help from the Governor in
their fight against Native American attacks
• These colonists lived on the outskirts of the
colonies and were under attack
• This group was led by Nathaniel Bacon
BACON’S REBELLION
• This colony was settled for religious freedom by
the Puritans
• They weren’t tolerant of other religious beliefs
different from theirs
MASSACHUSETTS
• Founded by religious dissenters from
Massachusetts
• They were tolerant of different religious beliefs
• Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson came here
after being put out of Massachusetts
RHODE ISLAND
• Many colonists lacked a personal relationship
with God
• This allowed partial church membership for
children and grandchildren of the original
Puritans
HALF-WAY COVENANT
• Conflict between Metacom (King Phillip) and
colonists
• Heavy losses for Native American Population
• Opened up large areas of southern New England
for settlement
KING PHILLIP’S WAR
• This was an agreement with the British king to
establish a colony
• He will cancel this and take over this colony
• He sought to control trade and make this a single
territory governed from England
• It will become a royal colony
MASSACHUSETTS CHARTER
• A series of court hearings that took place in the
1690s
• Caused by extreme religious faith, stress from a
growing population, bad relations with Native
Americans and few opportunities for women
and girls in Puritan society
SALEM WITCH TRIALS
• Located between New England and Virginia
• Founded by religiously tolerant Quakers led by
William Penn
PENNSYLVANIA
• Proprietary colony created by William Penn
• Was originally called Penn's Woods
• Created for Quakers (they were religiously
tolerant of others)
PENNSYLVANIA
• A colony originally created by the Dutch
• The British will later conquer the colony and
rename it New York
• It is a center of trade and has a diverse
population
NEW AMSTERDAM (NEW YORK)
• a first permanent French settlement in North
America (Canada)
• They came to spread their Catholic faith, they
were interested in the fur trade
QUEBEC
• System in which a country attempts to gain
wealth through trade with other countries,
exporting more than imports and increasing
their gold and precious metals
MERCANTILISM
• A type of trade that reaches across the Atlantic
Ocean
TRANSATLANTIC TRADE
• Part of the triangular trade
• This was the part of the journey that carried
slaves from Africa to the Americas
• It was the toughest part of the journey for the
new slaves
MIDDLE PASSAGE
• Developed by enslaved Africans
• They brought with them arts and crafts skills and
music, dancing, basket weaving and pottery
making
AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE
• Once of America’s Founding Fathers
• In spite of his humble beginnings, he always
sought ways to improve himself (individualism)
and ways to rise in society (social mobility)
• He was an author, philosopher, scientist,
inventor, and politician
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
• A religious movement in America that
encouraged believers to seek a personal and
emotional relationship with God (this was more
important than gathering to hear the minister
preach)
THE GREAT AWAKENING
• A secret organization of men created because
they opposed the British authority in
Massachusetts
• They damaged British property, including
government offices and home of wealthy
supporters of the British
SONS OF LIBERTY
• A secret organization of women that joined the
Sons of Liberty in protesting the British rule in
North America
• They wove fabric to make clothes and other
goods so they wouldn’t rely on British imports
DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY
• A war between rivalry nations (Great Britain and
France)
• they were fighting for the land in the Ohio River
Valley
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
• An agreement signed to end the French and
Indian War
• France lost and was forced to surrender its claim
to lands east of the Mississippi River
• Treaty gave the British government control of all
of Britain’s American colonies
TREATY OF PARIS 1763
• Document created by the British that forbid
Americans from settling the area West of the
Appalachian Mountains
• This was done to stop the conflict with Native
Americans
PROCLAMATION OF 1763
• A tax that was placed on American colonists
• They were required to pay for the stamps on
newspapers, legal documents and playing cards
• Sons of Liberty were formed to protest
STAMP ACT
• Created by the British to punish colonist for the
Boston Tea Party
• This closed the port of Boston
• Leads Americans to call for the First Continental
congress to protest these actions and form
colonial militias
INTOLERABLE ACTS
• This groups was formed because American
patriots couldn’t communicate publicly
• They would exchange written communications
with other groups or between colonies
• First to organize a link in the colonies against
British rule
• They planned the First Continental Congress
COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE
• A patriot philosopher that published the
pamphlet Common Sense
• This document persuaded many people to
support independence from Great Britain
• His arguments –Atlantic too large for Britain to
rule America; that no mother would treat her
children as bad as Britain had treated the
colonists
THOMAS PAINE
• A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that
encouraged colonists to declare their
independence from Great Britain
COMMON SENSE
• A document written mostly by Thomas Jefferson
that promoted the idea of natural rights
(unalienable rights) –life, liberty and pursuit of
happiness
• Language was simple and direct so everyone
would understand and sympathize
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
• A English political philosopher that believed in
man’s natural rights (unalienable rights) of life,
liberty and property
• He believed that government existed to serve
the people and protect their rights; if they
stopped doing their job the people had a right to
alter or abolish government
• Power of the government comes from the
people
JOHN LOCKE
• He was a General in the Continental Army,
named the commander in chief
• He was a great leader and motivator
GEORGE WASHINGTON
• General Washington led his troops to a victory
that became the turning point of the American
Revolution
• They crossed the Delaware and staged a surprise
attack on a fort occupied by mercenaries fighting
for the British
• Proved Americans could fight as well as the
trained European army
CROSSING THE DELAWARE RIVER
• General Washington and his troops spend six
months here in the winter
• American troops faced many hardships: lack of
wages, food and clothing and were at their worst
• Washington ordered an intense training program
and turned the army into a capable and
confident army
VALLEY FORGE
• Part of the French support during the
Revolutionary War; he was sent over to train
troops
• He commanded American troops and fought
battles in many states
• He helped America win independence
MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE
• Battle that was the turning point of the
American Revolutionary War
• Americans were victorious and now we would
get help from the French
SARATOGA
• He is the commander of the British forces in
America
• He met his defeat at the Battle of Yorktown
• His forces were attacked by the combined
French and American armies and French fleet
• He is forced to surrender and the American
Revolution ends
GENERAL CHARLES CORNWALLIS
• It is the last battle of the American Revolution
• French and American forces join together and
cut the British off from any reinforcements and
force Cornwallis to surrender
BATTLE OF YORKTOWN
• It is an agreement to end the American
Revolution
• US wins its independence; Great Britain gained
control of the land to the Mississippi River
• Britain gave Florida to Spain and African and
Caribbean colonies to France
TREATY OF PARIS OF 1783
• Plan of government in America
• It was created to correct the weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation
U.S. CONSTITUTION
• First plan of government in America
• Called for a weak central government and a
strong state government
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
• A rebellion led by Daniel Shays and other
farmers who were in large amounts of debt
following the American Revolution
• America was in large debt and because they
couldn’t tax they couldn’t help the economy
• This is important because it showed the
weaknesses of the federal government
SHAYS’S REBELLION
• The agreement that created a bicameral
legislature
• One house is based on equality (2
representatives per state)
• One house is based on population of the state
GREAT COMPROMISE
• An controversial and divisive issue at the
Constitutional Convention
• Southern states supported slavery; northern
states opposed slavery
• Congress can’t make any decisions about the
slave trade until 1808
SLAVERY
• Southern states wanted to count slave toward
population in the House of Representatives;
northern states opposed
• Compromise was for every five slaves three
counted toward population
THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE
• The division of powers into three branches
• Idea introduced by Montesquieu
• Branches: legislative, executive and judicial
SEPARATION OF POWERS
• And idea to restrict the power of the central
government
• This would be accomplished by dividing the
powers into three branches and the system of
checks and balances
LIMITED GOVERNMENT
• He wrote the Spirit of Laws
• Introduced the ideas of separation of powers
and checks and balances
CHARLES DE MONTESQUIEU
• Their job is to enforce the laws
• The branches of government headed by the
President
• Contains the vice-president and the cabinet
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
• Their job is the make the laws
• Branch is made up of the House of
Representatives and the Senate
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
• Their job is to interpret the laws based on the
constitution
• The branch is made up of the Supreme Court
and the other federal courts
JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Each branch has the ability oversee the powers
of the other branches to ensure no one is
abusing the powers
CHECKS AND BALANCES
• A group of people who support the ratification
of the constitution
• James Madison and Alexander Hamilton are
famous federalists
• They thought the central government should
have the most power
FEDERALISTS
• A group of people who opposed the Constitution
• They support states’ and individual rights
• They wanted to add the Bill of Rights to the
constitution
• They supported states having more power than
the central government
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
• They were a series of newspaper articles that
were published by a group called the federalists
• They were seeking to gain support of the
Constitution
THE FEDERALIST
• He was a founding father and the father of the
Constitution
• He was a federalists and supported the
constitution
JAMES MADISON
• He was a federalist who supported the
Constitution
• He was the Secretary of the Treasury under
Washington
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
• The belief that states should have more power
than the federal government
STATES’ RIGHTS
• The first ten amendments to the Constitution
• They were added to get the Anti-Federalists to
support the constitution
• These rights protected the rights of people and
states
BILL OF RIGHTS
• He was the first president of the United States
• He established precedents that future presidents
will follow
• He favored nonintervention in Europe and
dropped certain restriction on American trade
with British colonies; American trade with
Britain will boom
GEORGE WASHINGTON
• Congress passed taxes on liquor to help pay the
Revolutionary war debt
• This would hurt whiskey makers/farmers
• Violence broke out and Washington sent in
troops to calm things down
• This showed the power of the government and
their ability to put down the rebellion
WHISKEY REBELLION
• A group of people who share the same beliefs on
Issues
• Many believed they would divide the nation
POLITICAL PARTIES
• Something that Washington warned about it his
farewell speech
• These would be things that would divide the
nation
FACTIONS
• Former President of the US
• His election was a bitter contest between John
Adams and Thomas Jefferson
• He had many conflicts with France and Britain
during his administration; Congress passed laws
that increased citizenship requirements and
Congress attempted to limit speech and press
JOHN ADAMS