Download Blood!

Blood!
I.
Make up of Blood
A. A type of connective tissue
B. Composed of a liquid (plasma), in which
formed elements are suspended.
C. Blood is somewhat viscous (thick).
D. The viscosity of blood is due to the
formed elements and the dissolved
substances in the plasma
II.
Blood Constituents
A.
Plasma
1.
2.
3.
4.
Liquid component of blood
Has a yellowish colour
Makes up approx. 55% of total blood volume
Composed of:
a.
b.
5.
90% water
10% dissolved substances
i. Nutrients
ii. Hormones
iii. Antibodies
iv. Proteins
Function:
a.
Transport dissolved substances to cells, and waste to excretory
organs
Image of purified blood
plasma
II. Blood Constituents
B.
Formed Elements
1.
Red Blood Cells
a. Scientific name is erythrocytes
b. Are the most numerous formed element in blood
c. Characteristics
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
d.
Biconcave disk (disk with indents on both sides)
No nucleus
Contains hemoglobin
Heaviest of the formed elements
Function
i.
To transport oxygen to the cells throughout the body.
Image of RBCs under a microscope
II. Blood Constituents
2.
White Blood Cells
a. Scientific name is leukocytes
b. Are the least numerous formed element in blood
c. Characteristics
i. Transparent cell
ii. Irregularly shaped
iii. Have a nucleus
d. Function
i. To defend against disease
ii. To provide immunity
Artist drawing of the
different types of WBC
II. Blood Constituents
3.
Platelets
a. Scientific name is thrombocytes
b. Characteristics
i. Is a cell fragment
ii. Has no nucleus
iii. Smallest of the formed elements
c. Function
i.
Help in coagulation (blood clotting)
III. A sample of Centrifuged Blood
Approx. 55%
Formed Elements
Approx. 45%
IV. Blood Types
A. Determined by blood antigens called agglutinogens
1. The antigens are protein markers or bumps
on the surface of the RBC
2. There are three main antigens
a. A
b. B
c.
Rh factor (Rhesus factor) which determines
positive/negative
Antigens and Antibodies
IV. Blood Types
B. Distribution in Quebec
Blood Typing
1.
2.
3.
4.
Place 2 drops of Sample 1 on each spot of the spot
plate.
Add 2 drops antibody A to spot A, 2 drops of anti-B to
spot B and 2 drops of anti-Rh to spot Rh.
When clumping happens, the RBC has the specific
antigen.
Record your results.
Test Results
What Blood Type is It?
Does not clump with A
-> no A antigen
Does clump with B
-> has B antigen
Does not clump with Rh
-> no Rh factor
So blood type is:
B-
V. Blood Transfusions
A. Def: The injection of blood into a person
1. Recipient -> RECEIVES (gets) blood
2. Donor -> DONATES (gives) blood
B. The recipient can not receive blood with antigens
that are not already present on his/her own blood.
I CANNOT RECEIVE WHAT I DO NOT HAVE!!!!
C. Blood will agglutinate (coagulate/clump) if it is
mixed with blood having foreign antigens
V. Blood Transfusions
D. Universal Donor
1.
2.
E.
Is blood type OCan give to every blood type since it has no antigens
on it
Universal Recipient
1.
2.
Is blood type AB+
Can get all blood types since it has all the antigens on
it
V. Blood Transfusions
D. Blood Compatibility Chart
Donor Blood Type
AB+
Recipient Blood Type
ABB+
BA+
AO+
O-
O-
O+
A-
A+
B-
B+
AB-
AB+
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
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Transfusions
V. Blood Transfusions
D. Blood Transfusion – Online Game
VI. Blood disorders
A. Anaemia
1.
2.
Not enough
healthy RBC
Low oxygen levels
VI. Blood disorders
B. Sickle Cell
Anaemia
1.
2.
3.
4.
Genetic disorder of
RBC
Cells form a sickle
(crescent) instead of
a biconcave disk
Low oxygen
transport
Forms clots and
blocks capillaries
VI. Blood disorders
C. Haemophilia
1. Blood clotting disorder
2. Inherited disease – linked to X chromosome
VI. Blood disorders
D. Leukaemia
1.
Cancer of WBC
VI. Blood disorders
D. Leukaemia
Heart Activities
V. Lymphatic System
Video: Lymphatic system.mov
Video: Lymph nodes animation
Circulatory vs Lymphatic Systems
Topic
What is
the
function
of the
system
?
Circulatory
System
Lymphatic
System
Moves wastes Collects and
transports waste
Collects and
products generated
distributes
by the tissues into
oxygen,
the circulatory
nutrients and
system.
hormones.
Regulates
temperature.
Circulatory vs Lymphatic Systems
Topic
Circulatory
System
Lymphatic System
How does
the fluid
flow
around
the
system?
Flows in a closed
continuous loop
through arteries,
capillaries &
veins.
Flows in an open
circuit from tissues into
lymphatic vessels to
be deposited into vena
cava.
Blood is pumped
by the heart.
Lymph is not pumped.
Muscles in veins
assist in
movement.
Valves prevent
backflow in veins
Deep breathing and
muscles aid
movement.
Valves prevent
backflow in larger
lymphatic vessels.
Circulatory vs Lymphatic Systems
Topic
What is
the fluid
made
of?
Circulatory
System
Plasma

White blood
cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Nutrients
Hormones

Some wastes
Oxygen

Lymphatic
System
Lymph

White blood cells

Many wastes
Carbon dioxide

Circulatory vs Lymphatic Systems
Topic
How is
the fluid
filtered?
Circulatory
System
Lymphatic
System
Blood is filtered
by the excretory
system.
Lymph nodes
remove some fluid
and debris.
Nephrons in the
kidneys remove
wastes and
excess water as
urine.
White blood cells
clustered in these
nodes also kill
pathogens and
some cancer cells.
Carbon dioxide is
removed in the
lungs.