Download The Middle and Southern Colonies

THE NORTHERN COLONIES
Chapter 2, Section 3
Puritans and Separatists
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Puritans – wanted to “purify”
the church by making further
reforms or changes to the
church
Separatists – wanted complete
separation from the Church of
England because there were
still traces of Catholicism in the
religion
In England, Separatists and
Puritans were fined or put in
prison for worshiping in a
different way than the Church
of England
Founding Plymouth Colony
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Pilgrims came over on
the Mayflower in 1620
William Bradford
headed the group
The Virginia Company
funded the expedition
1691 - became a part
of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Massachusetts Bay Company was started to make a
profit and create a refugee for Puritans
John Winthrop led the new colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony was started in 1630
Success of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay inspired
the Great Migration – 20,000 English men and
women came to New England between 1620 and
1643
Witchcraft Trials in Salem
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Salem was a part of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Several girls showed strange
behavior and claimed to have been
bewitched
Forced confessions of witchcraft
caused hysteria in the town
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Hundreds of people were arrested,
nineteen people were executed,
others died in jail
The scare soon passed and people
were released from jail
Connecticut Colony
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Started by Thomas Hooker
Left the Massachusetts Bay
Colony because he believed
in the separation of church
and state
1639 – Thomas Hooker and
the Connecticut Colony
adopted the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut
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It was the first written
constitution in America
Gave voting rights to all free
men, not just church members
Rhode Island Colony
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Started by Roger Williams
He believed in religious
tolerance and left the
Massachusetts Bay Colony to
pursue
Government and church were
separate
People of all faiths, including
Jews were accepted
New Hampshire Colony
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Anne Hutchinson was outspoken
about her different religious beliefs
and was eventually imprisoned,
tried, and banned from the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
She left and went to Rhode Island
Her brother-in-law started a
settlement in what is now New
Hampshire in 1638
It was a royal colony and was the
last of the New England colonies to
be created
New England Education and Public
Schools
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Public school systems started in New England
because Puritans wanted their children to be able
to read the Bible and learn a skill
Laws were passed to set up elementary and
grammar schools
Girls learned reading, writing, and math in a
woman’s home
Boys had more opportunities for education including
colleges in the 1700s
Colonial Government
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Some colonies were ruled by individuals and some
by joint-stock companies, but many were eventually
ruled solely by the King
Town meetings were where democracy was seen
Only church members and property owners were
allowed to vote
Relations with Native Americans
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English settlements expanded and colonists came into
contact with Natives
Pequot War – conflict in Connecticut over land and
trade
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The war almost wiped out the Pequot Natives
King Philip’s War – Wampanoag leader led attacks
that destroyed colonial towns and the colonists burned
villages and crops in return
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The war ended up almost wiping out the Wampanoags and
gave the white settlers more land
THE MIDDLE AND
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Chapter 2, Section 4
Proprietary Colonies
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England owed money to
individuals who lent it to the
monarchy
To repay them, King Charles II
gave land to them in the
Americas
These colonies were called
proprietary colonies
 Those who owned the land
ruled the colony
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New York, New Jersey,
Carolina, and Pennsylvania
became proprietary colonies
New York Colony
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King Charles II gave the land to James, the Duke of
York (hence the name New York)
English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French,
Native Americans, and enslaved Africans lived in
New York
Religious tolerance was allowed
The fur trade was a major money maker for people
in New York
New Jersey Colony
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James, the Duke of York, gave land to Sir George
Carteret and Sir John Berkley
They named the land New Jersey after Carteret’s
home
Berkley ended up selling his portion of the land to
English Quakers, which became Pennsylvania and
Delaware
Pennsylvania Colony
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The Quakers settled
Pennsylvania under William
Penn
Believed in the equality of
all men and women
 Did not believe in social
classes or war
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Allowed religious tolerance
Penn recognized Native
American’s right to land
Delaware Colony
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First settled by the Swedes,
then the Dutch, and later the
English
Penn wanted access to water
so he persuaded the Duke of
York to give him land near
the Delaware River and bay
This land became Delaware
It was a major trade route
Maryland Colony
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Lord Baltimore founded the
colony as a haven for Catholics
and for personal wealth
More Protestants than Catholics
ended up settling there and
clashes were common
Toleration Act was passed that
protected the right of all
Christians to practice their
religion
The Carolinas
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Representative assembly and religious toleration to
attract settlers
Southern Carolina: port city of Charleston,
prosperous estates, large plantations for rice and
indigo, dependent on slave labor
Northern Carolina: small farmers, little to no slave
labor
Eventually became to separate colonies, North
Carolina and South Carolina
Georgia
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Made to be a “buffer zone” between Spanish
Florida and the colonies
James Oglethorpe settled the colony as a place for
debtors
English prisons had terrible conditions and honest
people were thrown in there because they couldn’t
pay their debts
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