Download The Era of Reform: Change is coming

The Era of Reform:
Change is coming…
How did the reform movement of the early
to mid-1800’s change life for Americans?
The Roots of the Reform Spirit
• _______________– humans can make
our own path to heaven with good
deeds
• Transcendentalism – stressed
relationship with __________ and
individual ________
• _________ –collaborative communities
• Writers/Poets: Harriet Beecher Stowe,
_____________
• Election of ___________= Validation of
the power of the common man to be a
leader in democratic government
The Roots of the Reform Spirit
• Second Great Awakening – humans can
make our own path to heaven with
good deeds
• Transcendentalism – stressed
relationship with nature, individual
conscience
• Utopias –collaborative communities
• Writers/Poets: Hawthorne, Melville,
Poe, Longfellow, Whitman, Dickenson,
Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Election of Andrew Jackson =
Validation of the power of the common
man to be a leader in democratic
government
Temperance Movement
• Alcohol abuse was widespread,
especially in the ______and among
________workers.
• Religious reformers and women’s
rights activists blamed alcohol for
poverty, family problems, crime,
and insanity.
• 1851 - ________ bans
manufacturing and sale of alcohol
–other states follow.
• Temperance laws are soon
repealed, but seeds are planted for
early 1900’s _______________.
Temperance Movement
• Alcohol abuse was widespread,
especially in the west and among
urban workers.
• Religious reformers and women’s
rights activists blamed alcohol for
poverty, family problems, crime,
and insanity.
• 1851 - Maine bans manufacturing
and sale of alcohol –other states
follow.
• Temperance laws are soon
repealed, but seeds are planted for
early 1900’s prohibition.
Treatment of Prisoners and
Mentally Ill
• Prisoners subject to _____ and _______punishment
• _________ prisons - prisoners can’t work/ pay debt
• Mentally ill were __________for insanity
Treatment of Prisoners and
Mentally Ill
• Prisoners subject to Cruel and unusual punishment
• Debtors prisons - prisoners can’t work/ pay debt
• Mentally ill were punished for insanity
Reforms in the Treatment of
Prisoners and Mentally Ill
• __________– Mentally ill
should be treated
• Report on the conditions
of Massachusetts mental
health institutions led to
_______________
• Eliminated debtors
prisons and cruel and
unusual punishment
• Created ________system
Reforms in the Treatment of
Prisoners and Mentally Ill
• Dorothea Dix– Mentally ill
should be treated
• Report on the conditions
of Massachusetts mental
health institutions led to
public asylums
• Eliminated debtors
prisons and cruel and
unusual punishment
• Created juvenile justice
system
State of Education – Early
1800’s
• “Democracy could not
survive without ________
citizens” – Thomas
Jefferson
• Only ____________schools
provided free public
education
• Other areas had to pay fees
or send children to
________________
State of Education – Early
1800’s
• “Democracy could not
survive without educated
citizens” – Thomas
Jefferson
• Only New England schools
provided free public
education
• Other areas had to pay fees
or send children to schools
for the poor
Education Reform
• Three basic Principles of
Education:
_________schools,
_______ teachers, all
children required to go to
school
• Most schools were poorly
_______and many children
did not attend
• Higher education became
available to _______ and
________ Americans
Education Reform
• Three basic Principles of
Education: free/taxsupported schools, trained
teachers, all children
required to go to school
• Most schools were poorly
funded and many children
did not attend
• Higher education became
available to Women and
African Americans
Women’s Rights Violations
• Men considered the
_________ of women
• Women ________were
first suffragists
• _________ resented the
sexism in the anti-slavery
movement
• Women faced opposition
from most – wasn’t
_______ to speak-out in
public
Women’s Rights Violations
• Men considered the
guardians of women
• Women abolitionists
were first suffragists
• Quakers resented the
sexism in the anti-slavery
movement
• Women faced opposition
from most – wasn’t ladylike to speak-out in public
Women’s Rights RefoRm
• Sojourner _______ – spoke
throughout the north about
abolitionism and women’s
rights
• Elizabeth Cady
_______worked with
Lucretia ______to organize
the
____________Convention
• Susan B. _______ fought for
equal pay, college training
and co-education
• Women’s _________did not
achieve full rights until
1920’s
Women’s Rights RefoRm
• Sojourner Truth – spoke
throughout the north about
abolitionism and women’s
rights
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
worked with Lucretia Mott
to organize the Seneca Falls
Convention
• Susan B. Anthony fought for
equal pay, college training
and co-education
• Women’s suffrage did not
achieve full rights until
1920’s
Abolitionism
• Started during Revolutionary
war time – ___________of
the Constitutional Convention
• How could “America, the Land
of the Free” still allow
slavery?
• ________________________
ended in 1808 – Northern
shipping companies lost
interest in slaves, continued
to profit from slave labor
Abolitionism
• Started during Revolutionary
war time – Great compromise of
the Constitutional Convention
• How could “America, the Land
of the Free” still allow slavery?
• Intercontinental slave trade
ended in 1808 – Northern
shipping companies lost interest
in slaves, continued to profit
from slave labor
Barriers to Abolishment of
Slavery
• _________ States were morally opposed to slavery, but could not
support abolition because of political and economic reasons:
– Slaves would take ______away from northerners
– Abolition would disrupt __________
– Radical Abolitionists like William Lloyd ____________were a threat to
the Union and could start a bloody civil war
• Southern States argued:
– Southern ___________ was dependent on slave labor – it allowed
Americans to experience great culture and prosperity
– Slaves were better-off working on ___________than they would be on
their own or working in Northern factories
– Slavery was a decision to be left up to the ______ – federal
government had no right to override states’ rights – if Federal
Government could take away this state right, they could take away any
state right
Barriers to Abolishment of
Slavery
• Northern States were morally opposed to slavery, but could not
support abolition because of political and economic reasons:
– Slaves would take jobs away from northerners
– Abolition would disrupt social order
– Radical Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison were a threat to the
Union and could start a bloody civil war
• Southern States argued:
– Southern economy was dependent on slave labor – it allowed
Americans to experience great culture and prosperity
– Slaves were better-off working on plantations than they would be on
their own or working in Northern factories
– Slavery was a decision to be left up to the states – federal government
had no right to override states’ rights – if Federal Government could
take away this state right, they could take away any state right
Progress in Abolitionism
• ____________– North Star
(abolitionist Newspaper)
• ____________– Underground
Railroad frees hundreds of slaves
• ______ sisters – Quaker
abolitionists who paved the way
for women to speak out against
slavery
• Abolitionists were still far
outnumbered in the North
• 1861 – _________ Erupts
• 1863 – Lincoln issues
______________________=
Slavery Abolished in all
confederate states (ignored by
south
• 1865 – Civil War ends, Union is
preserved
Progress in Abolitionism
• Frederick Douglas – North Star
(abolitionist Newspaper)
• Harriet Tubman – Underground
Railroad frees hundreds of slaves
• Grimke sisters – Quaker
abolitionists who paved the way
for women to speak out against
slavery
• Abolitionists were still far
outnumbered in the North
• 1861 – Civil War Erupts
• 1863 – Lincoln issues
Emancipation Proclamation =
Slavery Abolished in all
confederate states (ignored by
south
• 1865 – Civil War ends, Union is
preserved