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Ch. 15 WATER And Solution Formation Water is unique (video) • Polar Molecular Compound (shape=bent) • IMF = Hydrogen “bonds” = VERY STRONG – Causes : • High boiling point • Low vapor pressure • High surface tension – Surfactant: disrupts H-bond 2 Solid Water (ICE) • Unique structure due to H-bond • Ice floats bc of structure (video) – Less dense than liquid • Open hexagon structure or honeycombed shape 3 Solutions • Solvent: Dissolving medium (does the dissolving) • • • • Solute: the dissolved particles (gets dissolved) Solvation: the dissolving process “like dissolves like” Water is called the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT 4 Solubility “Rules” IONIC Metal/nonmetal Polyatomic ions Roman numerals Electrolytes KCl, FePO3 POLAR COVALENT NM/NM eneg diff >.5 COH, alcohol (methanol, ethanol) Sugars -ose C2H5OH (ethanol) C6H12O6 (sugar) NONPOLAR COVALENT NM/NM eneg diff <.4 -ene, ane, yne endings - CH Diatomic molecules Br2 Toluene, benzene C6H6 Oil, gasoline 5 Electrolytes • Electrolyte: conducts electricity when dissolved in water – All ionic compounds are electrolytes • Dissociate into ions. 6 Nonelectrolytes • Nonelectrolyte: doesn’t conduct electricity – Most molecular compounds • Especially carbon based (organic) compounds 7 Hydrates • Hydrate: water containing compound. – Example: copper II sulfate pentahydrate 8 Deliquescent Compounds • Deliquescent Compound: absorb water from the air. – Silica packets – NaOH 9