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Unit 4: Enlightenment and Revolution
(1700 – 1850)
Quick Review Ch 17 - 18
• What ideas came out of the Enlightenment?
• Causes and effects of the American Revolution?
• Causes and effects of the French Revolution?
Ch. 19: The Industrial Revolution
Begins (1750 – 1850)
• EQ: What technological, social, economic, and
cultural changes occurred as the Industrial
Revolution took hold?
Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age
• From the mid-1700’s into the 1800’s, the
production of goods would change from
being made by simple hand tools to complex
machines.
– Ex: Instead of individuals making a single set of
clothes, they are mass-produced in a factory.
What helped trigger the Industrial Revolution?
• Improved Agriculture Methods -> More Food and
Better Health -> Increased Population -> Many move
to the city for work
• Development of New Technology
– New Sources of Energy: Ex: Steam Engine Powered by
Coal -> Steam Powered Ships.
– Less expensive and better-quality
iron use for the construction of
machines and steam engines
Section 2: Britain Leads the Way
• 18th Century England becomes the starting
place of an Industrial Revolution that will
spread throughout Europe, North America,
and the world.
Where is
England?
Why was Britain the first to
industrialize?
• Factors for Industrialization in England
– Lots of Natural Resources
• Rivers supply water power, Coal, and Iron
– Ready Workforce
• Lots of skilled mechanics eager to meet the demand for new
inventions
– Prosperous Economy
– Availability of Capital and Demand
• Businessmen have $ to invest
– Stable Government
• Supported economic growth
Section 3: Social Impact of the
Industrial Revolution
• Changes in farming, rising population growth,
and increasing demand for workers led many
people to migrate from farms to cities.
The Results of Industrialization
• Negative
– Overcrowding in cities
– In the early years, workers faced poor working and
living conditions and low pay.
• Positive
– Creation of jobs and development of new technology
– New laws would improve working conditions
– Improved travel methods lead to more opportunities
Section 4: New Ways of Thinking
• As the Industrial Revolution brought many
changes to society, many thinkers tried to
understand how to best manage the changes.
• Influenced by the Enlightenment, they looked
for natural laws that governed the world of
business and economics.
Theories that Develop in Response to the
Challenges of the Industrial Revolution
• Laissez-Faire Economics: Government should
stay ‘hands off’ of the economy
• Utilitarianism: the goal of society should be the
greatest happiness for the greatest number of its
citizens
• Socialism: the people as a whole rather than
private individuals should own and operate the
means of production
• Communism: a classless society where all means
of production are owned by the community
• Social Democracy: gradual transition from
capitalism to socialism
Quick Review
• What was the Industrial Revolution?
• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in
England?
• What impact did the Industrial Revolution
have on society and on ways of thinking?