Download 1. In the mid-1800s, companies began to mass

What was the Tom Thumb and why was it
significant?
It was a locomotive that was credited with
bringing “railroad fever” to the United
States.
40. Why were changes to manufacturing
needed in the mid-1700s?
• a. Factory owners were not
satisfied with the size of their
profits.
• b. Demand was greater than the
available supply of goods.
• c. Workers were not satisfied
with the level of their daily wages.
• d. Traders faced higher shipping
prices for smaller amounts of
goods.
Why did companies build their factories
closer to cities and transportation centers
in the mid-1800s?
It provided easier access to
workers.
How did technological developments
during the Industrial Revolution enable
people to build factories almost anywhere?
The shift to steam
power meant
factories no longer
had to be built
near streams,
rivers, or
waterfalls.
The telegraph was significant because it
Enabled people to send news quickly
from coast to coast.
The telegraph
was invented
several years
before it went
into operation.
What was the
reason for the
delay?
Samuel Morse was at first unable to connect
two locations with telegraph wires.
34. How did the War of 1812 help
American manufacturing?
• a. The government built factories to
produce needed uniforms and
weapons.
• b. Tariffs on foreign goods encouraged
Americans to buy domestic goods.
• c. Foreign goods became too
expensive so politicians placed tariffs
on them.
• d. The government boycotted British
products that Americans also
produced.
Coal was a more appealing fuel source than
wood because it
Produced more energy
29. For how long would a typical
“Lowell girl” stay at the mills?
•
•
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
a decade
four years
one year
nine months
By 1860, Isaac Singer’s company was the
world’s largest maker of
Sewing machines.
36. What was Eli Whitney’s influence
on American manufacturing?
• a.He designed a way to
produce inexpensive
clocks.
• b.He served as President
Adams’ secretary of war.
• c.He came up with the
idea of interchangeable
parts.
• d.He argued that all
manufacturing should be
done by hand.
How did the Transportation Revolution
affect America’s farming industry?
Settlers plowed up prairies and cut down trees to
make farmland out of the Midwest.
Steel is made through a process called
smelting, which means
Heating iron ore to very high
temperatures.
What challenges did engineers and
mechanics face while building railroads?
The railroads had to pass through
mountains and rivers.
What did the Supreme Court decide in
the case of Gibbons v. Ogden?
a.
Aaron Ogden could monopolize
the steamboat business in New
York.
b. Thomas Gibbons’ federal
license had priority over Aaron
Ogden’s state license.
c. Travel licenses had to be
granted by the federal
government to be legitimate.
d. Thomas Gibbons had to share use
of the New York waterway with
Aaron Ogden.
Gibbons v. Ogden was a Supreme Court
case about ………?
Thomas Gibbons’ federal
license had priority over
Aaron Ogden’s state
license.
31. The “Rhode Island system” was
Samuel Slater’s strategy of
• a. hiring families of workers
and dividing factory work into
simple tasks.
• b. paying workers in companystore credit and reinvesting
cash in the business.
• c. building houses for workers
in exchange for the promise of
company loyalty.
• d. hiring unmarried women
and designing dual-purpose
factory equipment.
In the mid-1800s, companies began to
mass-produce earlier inventions. What
effect did this have on families?
They could buy items they could not afford in the past.
43. Who was the man responsible for
bringing new textile machines to the
United States?
•
•
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
Samuel Slater
Moses Brown
Richard Arkwright
James Hargreaves
Why was the steamboat well suited to
river travel?
It traveled well upstream.
32. What did textile manufacturers do to
keep the costs of running a mill low?
• a. cut back on the
maintenance of machinery
• b. hired children and paid
them very little
• c. trained apprentices in
exchange for decades of
labor
• d. fed workers instead of
paying wages in cash
Robert Fulton’s first full-sized commercial
steamboat was called the
Clermont
37. “I am persuaded that machinery
moved by water [and] adapted to this
business would greatly reduce the labor
and facilitate [speed] the manufacture of
this article.”
What was Eli Whitney’s purpose for
making this statement?
•
•
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
let his audience know about a new manufacturing plant
argue for the benefits of trying one of his ideas
describe in specific detail how a new invention of his works
tell manufacturers how to lower the cost of labor
Two new forms of transportation invented
during the Transportation Revolution were
the….?
Steam-powered train and the
steamboat.
41. The Industrial Revolution is best
defined as a
• a. period of rapid growth during
which machines became essential to
industry.
• b. series of explosive encounters
between workers and wealthy factory
owners.
• c. time of great excitement about
mechanical approaches to controlling
Nature.
• d. period of turmoil and upheaval
within the United States government.
Why were most early strikes by union
members unsuccessful?
The courts and the police did not take
their side.
How did the inventions of the plow and
the reaper help the farming industry?
They allowed farmers to plant
and harvest huge crop fields.
38. The tools used to produce items or
to do work are known as
• a. interchangeable
parts.
• b. mass production.
• c. muskets.
• d. technology.
What was a trade union?
Organization of workers who tried to
improve pay and working conditions for
members.
30. What happened to workers in the
textile industry as a result of Francis Cabot
Lowell’s introduction of a new system?
•
a. Many mill workers were laid off because Lowell’s
power loom did the work of two different types of
machine.
•
b. Investors were hesitant to provide financial
support because they did not believe that the power
loom would be successful.
•
c. Male mill workers came to resent female mill
workers because Lowell paid women more than he
paid men.
• d. More women became mill workers because of the
opportunity to earn better wages than most available
jobs.
French writer Alexis de Tocqueville said
that the contributions made by the
Industrial Revolution made American life
more.
Convenient.
In the mid-1800s, most of America’s
industry was located in the…?
Northeast.
33. During the War of 1812, which
American patriot said “to be independent
for the comforts of life we must fabricate
[make] them ourselves”?
•
•
•
•
a.Eli Whitney
b.Albert Gallatin
c.Thomas Jefferson
d.Samuel Slater
What communication system, featuring
different combinations of dots and dashes
to represent letters, was developed by
Alfred Lewis Vail?
Morse code
The mechanical reaper, a machine that
quickly cuts down wheat, was invented by
Cyrus McCormick.
39. Why were more American textile mills
built in the North than in the South?
• a. The South charged
higher taxes on industry.
• b. The North had more
rivers to provide power.
• c. The North attracted
skilled English
immigrants.
• d. The South was not
interested in expanding
agriculture.
John Deere came up with the idea for a/an
Steel
plow
35. What was one argument given by
Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin
about why there were so few factories in
the United States?
• a. Urban areas were too messy to
attract American workers from rural
areas.
• b. There was a high availability of
farmland in the United States.
• c. American factory workers were willing
to work for low pay.
• d. The United States could not support
industries such as iron production.
What main benefit did the Transportation
Revolution bring to trade?
It enabled goods to travel quickly across
the United States.
42. How did the water frame
revolutionize the production of cloth?
• a. It increased the number of
threads the home spinner could
work with.
• b. It increased the pace of
production in textile mills but
made cloth more costly.
• c. It shifted the location of
production from homes to textile
mills.
• d. It raised the level of quality of
home-spun cloth.
1. In the mid-1800s, companies
began to mass-produce earlier
inventions. What effect did this have
on families?
a. They could buy items they could not afford in the past.
b. They could store fresh food safely for longer periods.
c. Their everyday lives became more complicated.
d. Families began creating their own inventions.
2. By 1860, Isaac Singer’s
company was the world’s largest
maker of
a. clocks.
b. iceboxes.
c. safety pins.
d. sewing machines.
3. French writer Alexis de
Tocqueville said that the contributions
made by the Industrial Revolution
made American life more
a. unhappy.
b. convenient.
c. routine.
d. complicated.
4. How did the inventions of the
plow and the reaper help the
farming industry?
a. They allowed customers to buy on credit.
b. They caused cities to become the center of industrial
growth.
c. They allowed farmers to plant and harvest huge crop
fields.
d. They made farmers rich by selling them to businesses.
5. The mechanical reaper, a
machine that quickly cuts down
wheat, was invented by
a.Cyrus McCormick.
b.John Deere.
c.Eli Whitney.
d.Samuel Morse.
6. John Deere came up with the
idea for a/an
a. iron plow.
b. steel plow.
c. wood plow.
d. steam-powered plow.
7.
Why did companies build their
factories closer to cities and
transportation centers in the mid1800s?
a. It allowed businesses to increase wages.
b. It made shipping more expensive.
c. It caused people to move from cities to rural
areas.
d. It provided easier access to workers.
8. In the mid-1800s, most of
America’s industry was located in
the
a. Northeast.
b. South
c. West.
d. Midwest.
9. How did technological
developments during the Industrial
Revolution enable people to build
factories almost anywhere?
a. Trains could bring raw materials to and ship finished goods from
virtually any area worth living in.
b. The shift to steam power meant factories no longer had to be built
near streams, rivers, or waterfalls.
c. Trains and steamboats spread the population out so that any factory
had a ready supply of workers.
d. The invention of the telegraph put factory managers and their citybased investors within easy reach.
10. What communication system,
featuring different combinations of
dots and dashes to represent letters,
was developed by Alfred Lewis Vail?
a. the Vail System
b. telegraph method
c. Morse code
d. dot language
11. The telegraph was significant
because it
a. enabled people to send news quickly from coast to
coast.
b. led to the invention of the railroad system.
c. benefited from the work of international scientists.
d. made its inventor a very wealthy and famous man.
12. The telegraph was invented
several years before it went into
operation. What was the reason for
the delay?
a. Operators did not have a system for communicating across the
wires.
b. People were not skilled enough to operate the machine.
c. Samuel Morse, a widower, took time away from the project to
support his three children.
d. Samuel Morse was at first unable to connect two locations with
telegraph wires.
13. Coal was a more appealing fuel
source than wood because it
a. burned more cleanly.
b. produced more energy.
c. was easier to obtain.
d. was lighter to carry.
14. How did the Transportation
Revolution affect America’s farming
industry?
a.Settlers plowed up prairies and cut down trees to make farmland out
of the Midwest.
b.Farmers were forced to sell their New England farms to logging
companies that needed to plant trees.
c.Farmers were required to give up portions of their fields out West to
make way for new railroad lines.
d.New steel equipment and machinery put many family farmers out of
work.
15. Steel is made through a process
called smelting, which means
a. cutting down and removing trees on a large scale.
b. making deep gashes in the earth to remove coal.
c. linking cities to each other via railroads.
d. heating iron ore to very high temperatures.
16. Why did locomotives make a
powerful impression on passengers?
a. The trains constantly flew off the railroad tracks.
b. The trains traveled faster than most people had
ever gone.
c. Trains were a safer mode of transportation than
horse-drawn wagons.
d. Trains always arrived on schedule.
17. What challenges did engineers and
mechanics face while building
railroads?
a. The American public was not interested in railroads.
b. The railroads had to pass through mountains and rivers.
c. Locomotives usually broke down before arriving at their
destinations.
d. Engineers did not have the necessary materials to build
railroads.
18. What was the Tom Thumb and
why was it significant?
a. It was a sewing machine that prevented housewives from pricking their fingers.
b. It was a steamboat that brought thousands of settlers upriver to the Ohio Valley.
c. It was a ferry that was the first to transport commuters across the Hudson River.
d. It was a locomotive that was credited with bringing “railroad fever” to the United States.
19. What did the Supreme Court
decide in the case of Gibbons v.
a. Aaron Ogden could monopolize
the steamboat business in New
Ogden?
York.
b. Thomas Gibbons’ federal license had priority over Aaron Ogden’s
state license.
c. Travel licenses had to be granted by the federal government to be
legitimate.
d. Thomas Gibbons had to share use of the New York waterway with
Aaron Ogden.
20. Gibbons v. Ogden was a Supreme
Court case about which of the
following?
a.interstate trade
b.states’ rights
c.travel licenses
d.monopolies
21. Why was the steamboat well
suited to river travel?
a. It traveled well upstream.
b. It was helped by the current.
c. It relied on wind power.
d. It was meant to serve as a ferry.
22. Robert Fulton’s first full-sized
commercial steamboat was called the
a. Hudson.
b. Atlantic.
c. Clermont.
d. Ogden
23. What main benefit did the
Transportation Revolution bring to
trade?
a. It provided more jobs for American workers.
b. It enabled goods to travel quickly across the United States.
c. It made the public more interested in cross-country travel.
d. It made foreign countries less willing to trade with the
United States.
24. New forms of transportation
invented during the Transportation
Revolution
were
the
a. steam-powered train and the steamboat.
b. horse-drawn railcar and the motorboat.
c. covered wagon and the sailboat.
d. automobile and the clipper ship.
25. The Transportation Revolution was
a period of
a. rebellion against foreign countries’ use of American
shipping lanes.
b. economic depression brought on by inferior modes of
travel.
c. public disapproval of traditional modes of transit.
d. rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel.
26. Why were most early strikes by
union members unsuccessful?
a. They did not make clear demands to managers.
b. Workplace conditions were not very bad.
c. The courts and the police did not take their side.
d. They had not formed an alliance with
craftspeople.
27. What was a trade union?
a. organization of workers who tried to improve pay and working conditions for members
b. collection of workers who appealed to the courts and police for assistance against employers
c. group of workers who arrived from poor countries and were willing to work for low pay
d. alliance of workers who wanted to prevent their employers from competing with other manufacturers
28.
Which statement best describes
a. Workers were fired after a single absence, forcing replacements to operate
machinery they were not properly trained to use.
working conditions at the mills?
b. Each worker was free to choose the time at which the workday began so long as 8 to
10 hours of work a day were completed.
c. Workers suffered from health problems, such as chronic cough, due to unsafe
conditions.
d. Workers were fed three times a day to keep them strong and their health was a top
priority of caring managers and investors.
29. For how long would a typical
“Lowell girl” stay at the mills?
a. a decade
b. four years
c. one year
d. nine months
30. What happened to workers in the
textile industry as a result of Francis
Cabot Lowell’s introduction of a new
system?
a. Many mill workers were laid off because Lowell’s power loom did the work of two different types of
machine.
b. Investors were hesitant to provide financial support because they did not believe that the power
loom would be successful.
c. Male mill workers came to resent female mill workers because Lowell paid women more than he paid
men.
d. More women became mill workers because of the opportunity to earn better wages than most
available jobs.
31. The “Rhode Island system” was
Samuel Slater’s strategy of
a. hiring families of workers and dividing factory work into simple tasks.
b. paying workers in company-store credit and reinvesting cash in the
business.
c. building houses for workers in exchange for the promise of company loyalty.
d. hiring unmarried women and designing dual-purpose factory equipment.
32. What did textile manufacturers do
to keep the costs of running a mill
low?
a.cut back on the maintenance of machinery
b.hired children and paid them very little
c.trained apprentices in exchange for decades of labor
d.fed workers instead of paying wages in cash
33. During the War of 1812, which
American patriot said “to be
a.Elithe
Whitney
independent for
comforts of life
b.Albert Gallatin
we must fabricate
[make] them
ourselves”?
c.Thomas Jefferson
d.Samuel Slater
34. How did the War of 1812 help
American manufacturing?
a. The government built factories to produce needed uniforms and
weapons.
b. Tariffs on foreign goods encouraged Americans to buy domestic
goods.
c. Foreign goods became too expensive so politicians placed tariffs on
them.
d. The government boycotted British products that Americans also
produced.
35. What was one argument given by
Secretary of the Treasury Albert
Gallatin about why there were so few
factories in the United States?
a.Urban areas were too messy to attract American workers from rural areas.
b.There was a high availability of farmland in the United States.
c.American factory workers were willing to work for low pay.
d.The United States could not support industries such as iron production.
36. What was Eli Whitney’s influence
on American manufacturing?
a.He designed a way to produce inexpensive clocks.
b.He served as President Adams’ secretary of war.
c.He came up with the idea of interchangeable parts.
d.He argued that all manufacturing should be done by hand.
37. “I am persuaded that machinery moved by
water [and] adapted to this business would
greatly reduce the labor and facilitate [speed]
the manufacture of this article.”
What was Eli Whitney’s purpose for making this
a. let his audience know
about a new manufacturing plant
statement?
b. argue for the benefits of trying one of his ideas
c. describe in specific detail how a new invention of his works
d. tell manufacturers how to lower the cost of labor
38. The tools used to produce items or to do
work are known as
a. interchangeable parts.
b. mass production.
c. muskets.
d. technology.
39. Why were more American textile mills built in
the North than in the South?
a. The South charged higher taxes on industry.
b. The North had more rivers to provide power.
c. The North attracted skilled English immigrants.
d. The South was not interested in expanding agriculture.
40. Why were changes to
manufacturing needed in the mid1700s?
a. Factory owners were not satisfied with the size of their
profits.
b. Demand was greater than the available supply of
goods.
c. Workers were not satisfied with the level of their daily
wages.
d. Traders faced higher shipping prices for smaller
amounts of goods.
41. The Industrial Revolution is best
defined as a
a. period of rapid growth during which machines became
essential to industry.
b. series of explosive encounters between workers and
wealthy factory owners.
c. time of great excitement about mechanical approaches
to controlling Nature.
d. period of turmoil and upheaval within the United
States government.
42. How did the water frame
revolutionize the production of cloth?
a. It increased the number of threads the home
spinner could work with.
b. It increased the pace of production in textile mills
but made cloth more costly.
c. It shifted the location of production from homes
to textile mills.
d. It raised the level of quality of home-spun cloth.
43. Who was the man responsible for
bringing new textile machines to the
United States?
a. Samuel Slater
b. Moses Brown
c. Richard Arkwright
d. James Hargreaves
44. Why were more American textile
mills built in the North than in the
South?
a. The South charged higher taxes on industry.
b. The North had more rivers to provide power.
c. The North attracted skilled English immigrants.
d. The South was not interested in expanding
agriculture.
The Transportation Revolution was a
period of
Rapid growth in the speed and
convenience of travel.