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Name: _________________________________ Date of Exam: ________________ Unit 1 Study Guide For each of the following human body systems list the main purpose: System Purpose Digestive System System that breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body Respiratory System System that provides gas exchange between the blood and the air Excretory System System that filters out cellular wastes, toxins and excess water Circulatory System System that transports blood to all parts of the body Nervous System System that receives stimuli from inside and outside the body and then initiates responses for survival Muscular System System that provides movement Integumentary System Covers the body and provides protection Skeletal System System that provides support for the body to protect internal organs and provide an attachment site for muscles Define the following terms: Term Definition Qualitative Observation Observations made using only the five senses and refer to specific properties. Quantitative Observation Observations that use numbers, amounts or “more than/ less than” Sample Portion of the total. The number of people/ items in a test group. Trial Each set of repeated data. At least three should be done to be considered valid. Inference An explanation or interpretation of an observation based of prior experiences or supported by observations made in the investigation. Independent Variable The manipulated variable in an experiment. Located on the X axis of a graph Dependent Variable The responding variable in an experiment. Located on the Y axis of a graph Answer the following questions: 1. What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? Voluntary muscles you have control over while involuntary muscles you cannot control. 2. Which types of muscles are considered to be voluntary? Skeletal Muscles 3. Which type of muscles are considered to be involuntary? Cardiac (heart) and Smooth (other organs) 4. Where are blood cells created in the body? In the long bones of the skeletal system 5. How does the skeletal system help the circulatory system? By making blood cells in the bones for the circulatory system 6. What connects skeletal muscle to bone? Tendon 7. What does the circulatory system transport for the respiratory system? Oxygen and Carbon dioxide between the lungs and the rest of the body 8. How does the nervous system help the muscular system? Controls all types (voluntary/ involuntary) of muscles to direct their movement in the body 9. What is the correct order of the organizational levels? Cells – Tissues – Organs – Organ System - Organism 10. What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)? The brain and spinal cord Label the drawing with all of the organs and state the function of the organ: System Organ Function Digestive System: Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestines Large intestines Rectum Anus Liver Produces Bile Gallbladder Pancreas Stores Bile Produces other gastric Juices Starts the initial breakdown of food Brings food from the mouth to the stomach Breaks down food using acid Absorbs nutrients into the blood stream Absorbs water into the blood stream Stores solid waste til it is eliminated out of the anus Drawing Respiratory System: Nose Trachea Bronchi Lungs Alveoli Excretory/ Urinary System: Kidney Moistens and heats the air as it enters the body Brings air from the nose to the bronchi Brings air from the trachea into the lungs Main organ involved in gas exchange Where the lungs interact with the blood and exchange gases Filters the blood and produces urine from waste Transports urine from the kidney to the bladder Ureter Bladder Stores urine till its eliminated from the body Urethra What urine passes through before exiting the body Nervous System: Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves Brain: Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem Controls and coordinates the body Continues down the back and connects with the brain stem and the peripheral nerves Branch of spinal cord and relay messages to the brain using the spinal cord Controls thoughts, 5 senses and voluntary actions Controls balance and coordination Controls vital and involuntary processes